ST ANTONY'S/MACMILLAN SERIES General editors: Archie Brown (1978-85) and Rosemary Thorp (1985- ), both Fellows of St Antony's College, Oxford Roy Allison FINLAND'S RELATIONS WITII TilE SOVIET UNION, 1944-84 Said Amir Arjomand (editor) FROM NATIONALISM TO REVOLUTIONARY ISLAM Anders Aslund PRIVATE ENTERPRISE IN EASTERN EUROPE Orner Bartov TilE EASTERN FRONT, 1941-45, GERMAN TROOPS AND 1HE BARBARISATION OF WARFARE Gail Lee Bernstein and Haruhiro Fukui (editors) JAPAN AND TilE WORLD Archie Brown (editor) POLITICAL CULTURE AND COMMUNIST STUDIES Archie Brown (editor) POLITICAL LEADERSHIP AND THE SOVIET UNION Archie Brown and Michael Kaser (editors) SOVIET POLICY FOR TilE 1980s S. B. Burman CHIEFDOM POLITICS AND ALIEN LAW Helen Callaway GENDER, CULTURE AND EMPIRE Renfrew Christie ELECTRICITY, INDUSTRY AND CLASS IN SOU1H AFRICA Robert 0. Collins and Francis M. Deng (editors) 1HE BRITISH IN TilE SUDAN, 1898-1956 Roger Cooter (editor) STUDI6S IN 1HE HISTORY OF ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE Wilhelm Deist 1HE WEHRMACHT AND GERMAN REARMAMENT Robert Desjardins THE SOVIET UNION THROUGH FRENCH EYES, 1945-85 Guido di Tella ARGENTINA UNDER PERON, 1973--76 Guido di Tella and Rudiger Dornbusch (editors) 1HE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF ARGENTINA, 19~3 Guido di Tella and D. C. M. Platt (editors) 1HE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF ARGENTINA, 1880--1946 Simon Duke US DEFENCE BASES IN 1HE UNITED KINGDOM Julius A. Elias PLATO'S DEFENCE OF POETRY Ricardo Ffrench-Davis and Ernesto Tironi (editors) LATIN AMERICA AND 1HE NEW INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORDER David Footman ANTONIN BESSE OF ADEN Bohdan Harasymiw POLITICAL ELITE RECRUITMENT IN TilE SOVIET UNION Neil Harding (editor) 1HE STA~ IN SOCIALIST SOCIETY Richard Holt SPORT AND SOCIETY IN MODERN FRANCE Albert Hourani EUROPE AND 1HE MIDDLE EAST Albert Hourani 1HE EMERGENCE OF THE MODERN MIDDLE EAST J. R. Jennings GEORGES SOREL A. Kemp-Welch (translator) 1HE BIR1H OF SOLIDARITY Paul Kennedy and Anthony Nicholls (editors) NATIONALIST AND RACIALIST MOVEMENTS IN BRITAIN AND GERMANY BEFORE 1914 Richard Kindersley (editor) IN SEARCH OF EUROCOMMUNISM Maria D'Alva G. Kinzo LEGAL OPPOSITION POLITICS UNDER AU1HORITARIAN RULE IN BRAZIL Bohdan Krawchenko SOCIAL CHANGE AND NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN TWENTIE1H-CENTURY UKRAINE Gisela C. Lebzelter POLITICAL ANTI-SEMITISM IN ENGLAND, 1918-1939 Nancy Lubin LABOUR AND NATIONALITY IN SOVIET CENTRAL ASIA C . 1 ~6-~;cDonald THE UNITED STATES, BRITAIN AND APPEASEMENT, Robert H. McNeal TSAR AND COSSACK, 1855-1914 David Nicholls HAITI IN CARIBBEAN CONTEXT Patrick O'Brien (editor) RAILWAYS AND 1HE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF WESTERN EUROPE, 1830--1914 Amii Omara-Otunnu POLITICS AND THE MILITARY IN UGANDA, 1-890-1985 Roger Owen (editor) STUDIES IN THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL HISTORY OF PALESTINE IN THE NINETEENTH AND 1WENTIETH CENTURIES Ilan Pappe BRITAIN AND THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT, 1948-51 D. C. M. Platt and Guido di Tella (editors) ARGENTINA, AUSTRALIA AND CANADA: STUDIES IN COMPARATIVE DEVELOPMENT, 1870-1965 Irena Powell WRITERS AND SOCIETY IN MODERN JAPAN Alex Pravda (editor) HOW RULING COMMUNIST PARTIES ARE GOVERNED T. H. Rigby and Ferenc Feher (editors) POLITICAL LEGffiMATION IN COMMUNIST STATES Hans Rogger JEWISH POLICIES AND RIGHT-WING POLITICS IN IMPERIAL RUSSIA Marilyn Rueschemeyer PROFESSIONAL WORK AND MARRIAGE A. J. R. Russell-Wood THE BLACK MAN IN SLAVERY AND FREEDOM IN COLONIAL BRAZIL Nurit Schleifman UNDERCOVER AGENTS IN THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT Amnon Sella and Yael Yishai ISRAEL THE PEACEFUL BELLIGERENT, 1967-79 Aron Shai BRITAIN AND CHINA, 1941-47 Lewis H. Siegelbaum THE POLITICS OF INDUSTRIAL MOBILIZATION IN RUSSIA, 1914-17 H. Gordon Skilling SAMIZDAT AND AN INDEPENDENT SOCIETY iN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE David Stafford BRITAIN AND EUROPEAN RESISTANCE, 1940-45 Nancy Stepan THE IDEA OF RACE IN SCIENCE Verena Stolcke COFFEE PLANTERS, WORKERS AND WIVES Jane E. Stromseth THE ORIGINS OF FLEXIBLE RESPONSE Marvin Swartz THE POLITICS OF BRITISH FOREIGN POLICY IN THE ERA OF DISRAELI AND GLADSTONE Rosemary Thorp (editor) LATIN AMERICA IN THE 1930s Rosemary Thorp and Laurence Whitehead (editors) INFLATION AND STABILISATION IN LA TIN AMERICA Rosemary Thorp and Laurence Whitehead (editors) LATIN AMERICAN DEBT AND THE ADJUSTMENT CRISIS Rudolf L. Tokes (editor) OPPOSITION IN EASTERN EUROPE Robert Wihtol THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT Toshio Yokoyama JAPAN IN THE VICTORIAN MIND Series Staadlaa Order If you would like to receive future titles in this series as they are published, you can make use of our standing order facility. To place a standing order please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address and the name of the series. Please state with which title you wish to begin your !!tanding order. (If you live outside the UK we may not have the rights for your area, in which case we will forward your order to the publisher concerned.) Standing Order Service, Macmillan Distribution Ud, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG212XS, England. Britain and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1948-51 Ilan Pappe Lecturer in Middle Eastern Studies, Haifa University, and Fellow Researcher, Dayan Center, Tel Aviv University M in association with MACMILLAN ST ANTONY'S COLLEGE PRESS OXFORD ISBN 978-1-349-1 9328-8 ISBN 978-1-349-19326-4 (eBook) DOlI 10.1007/978-1-349-19326-4 ©Paul Turner and GlynN. Volans, 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993 978-0-333-40888-9 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied, or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WlP 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. Thirteenth revised edition published 1993 by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD London and Basingstoke Associated companies in Auckland, Delhi, Dublin, Gaborone, Hamburg, Harare, Hong Kong, Johannesburg, Kuala Lumpur, Lagos, Manzini, Melbourne, Mexico City, Nairobi, New York, Singapore, Tokyo. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Drugs Handbook.-1993-94- 1. Great Britain. Drugs-Lists-Serials I. Turner, Paul, 1933- II. Volans, Glyn III. Wiseman, Heather M. 615'.1'0941 Typeset by A.J. Latham Limited, Dunatable, Bedfordshire Contents Acknowledgements vi List ofAbbreviations vn Introduction vm Maps xix 1 The Emergence ofthe Transjordan Option 1 2 Britain and the Warof1948 (May-June) 21 3 Britain, Bernadotte and the Greater Transjordan 38 4 The Anglo-Israeli War over the Negev 49 5 The Creation of the GreaterTransjordan 74 6 British and United Nations Conciliation Efforts 115 7 British Policy towards the Refugee Problem 124 8 British Policy towards the Israeli-Transjordanian Negotiations 162 9 The Elusive Peace: Britain and Abdullah's Quest for Peace 185 10 Conclusions 209 Appendix 1 Where Was Policy Made? 214 Appendix 2 Palestine: The 'Eight Points' Suggested as a Basis for a Settlement 215 Notes and References 217 Bibliography 254 Index 261 Acknowledgements I wish first to make a respectful and grateful acknowledgement of my debt to Dr Roger Owen and Professor Albert Hourani, without whose assistance, guidance, observations and perceptions I would have found it difficult to complete this work. The generosity of the Dayan Center enabled me to spend my post-doctoral year as a research fellow in the Center. The result ofthat stay is this book. I wish therefore to express my special debt to the staff and Fellows of this Center for their attention and assistance during that year. Without financial assistance one would be at loss in trying to complete research in three different countries. Therefore with great pleasure I would like to record my deep gratitude to the Middle East Centre in St Antony's College, Oxford, for its assistance. The Bryce and Read, as well as the Arnold, Funds were most helpful during the first and second years of the research in Oxford. I am also thankful to the Board of Management of the Cyril Foster Fund, which took a keen interest in my work and contributed towards its completion. I should also like to express my thanks to the staff of the Public Record Office, the Chatham· House Press Archives, the assistant researchers in the National Archives in Washington and the archivists of the ISA, the Central Zionist Archives and the BGA. I will always recall my pleasant stay in the Truman Library in Missouri, whose staff went out of their way to make my brief time there as productive as possible. I wish to express my thanks to Lord Bullock, Dr A vi Shlaim and Professor Gabi Cohen for sharing with me their material and documents, as well as their thoughts. Professor Louis has kindly allowed me to see the manuscript of his book The British Empire in the Middle East, 1945-1951, and although the book is not quoted in this work it has assisted me considerably in understanding British and American policy in the area. St Antony's College, its warden, staff, teachers and librarians all made Oxford an ideal place for writing a study on the Arab-Israeli conflict. In the calm atmosphere that the College provided it was easier to deal with such a complex subject. Finally, I would like to thank Ms Marion Lupu for her invaluable help in editing and improving the style of this