Contextualising the Fifth Crusade The Crusading Movement in the First Half of the 13th Century University of Kent, Canterbury 13-14 April 2012 CONFERENCE GUIDE ‘Contextualising the Fifth Crusade’ Contextualising the Fifth Crusade The Crusading Movement in the First Half of the 13th Century University of Kent, Canterbury 13-14 April 2012 The Fifth Crusade was undoubtedly an important episode in history, occurring during what was probably the most intensive period of crusading in both Europe and the Holy Land. But this event was much more than a military campaign. To contribute to the recent new directions in crusades studies, this colloquium brings together an international group of scholars from a wide range of historical disciplines who are researching different aspects of the crusading movement around the time of the Fifth Crusade. With this conference, we aim to establish a long-term research network on every aspect of crusading in the first half of the 13th century, and especially on the Fifth Crusade. Through our website updates will be posted on the aftermath of the conference, future events and the forthcoming volume of proceedings. www.contextualisingthe5thcrusade.wordpress.com Contact: [email protected] We would like to thank our sponsors, all the people who helped organising this event and all the participants. We wish you a great stay in Canterbury and we hope you enjoy the conference. The organising committee: Liz Mylod (University of Leeds) Dr Guy Perry (University of Leeds) Thomas Smith (Royal Holloway, University of London) Jan Vandeburie (University of Kent) 2 ‘Contextualising the Fifth Crusade’ The conference is made possible with the generous support of: University of Leeds Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of History University of Kent, Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities (KIASH); School of History and Centre for Medieval and Early Modern Studies Ashgate Publishing Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East Royal Historical Society Cathedral Gate Hotel Canterbury Visitor Centre 3 ‘Contextualising the Fifth Crusade’ 4 ‘Contextualising the Fifth Crusade’ Venue: University of Kent (Canterbury Campus), Keynes College Lecture Theatre 5 (KLT 5) and Foyer Please use the main entrance of Keynes College, proceed to your right towards the reception and again to the right. Turn left and take the stairs next to the cafeteria entrance to the first floor. Elevators are also available. 5 ‘Contextualising the Fifth Crusade’ Practical Information: Colloquium contact number: (0044) 751 60 44 777 Contact number for accommodation issues: (0044) 1227 828000 Campus Watch (only for emergencies): (0044) 1227 823300 Taxi: Cab Co: 01227 455455 City Cars: 01227 454445 Dad’s: 01227 456888 Longleys: 01227 710777 Phoenix: 01227 788888 Tudor: 01227 451451 Bus: Unibus every 15 minutes between the city centre and Keynes College. Trains: To Dover from Canterbury East Station: every ½ hour (takes c. 20 minutes) To London Victoria from Canterbury East Station: every ½ hour (takes c. 1,5 hour) To London St Pancras from Canterbury West (high speed): every hour (takes c. 1 hour) Please use the Parking permit provided in your conference pack. Speakers: Your conference pack and the key to your room will be available from the reception in Keynes College. If you arrive after 20:00 please use the buzzer/phone located near the reception to contact Campus Watch Security, who will give you your key. Room Check-in is from 14:00 and check-out is by 10:00. Luggage can be stored near the conference room on Saturday. Breakfast is served between 8 and 9 am in Rutherford Dining Hall. A group is leaving to the city centre at 19.00 on Thursday from the main entrance of Keynes College. 6 ‘Contextualising the Fifth Crusade’ Thursday 12 April 2012 19.30 : Pre-conference Drinks ‘The Old Buttermarket’ 39 Burgate, Canterbury, CT1 2HW ‘Step in to discover a traditional pub of unique character, revered for its eclectic range of real ales and its quality pub food, which are served, as they should be, with a generous measure of famous British hospitality. There has been a public house on this site for over 500 years; a coaching inn called the Black Boy, stood here from the 1600s until 1908. A butter market used to be held in the square outside our pub, and the site is quite historic. Flint pieces in the cellars indicate it may stand on Roman remains and we know that we used to be connected by tunnels to Canterbury Cathedral.’ Friday 13 April 2012 (Registration from 8.30) 9.30: Welcome by Dr Alixe Bovey and Dr Barbara Bombi (MEMS, University of Kent) Dr Alixe Bovey is director of the Centre for Medieval and Early Modern Studies at the University of Kent. Contact: [email protected] Dr Barbara Bombi studied at the Catholic University in Milan, where she completed her PhD in 2000. In 2001 she was a research fellow at the German Historical Institute in Rome. Between 2002 and 2004 she had a post-doctoral fellowship at the University of Padua before moving to Oxford where she took up the post of Lyell Research Fellow in Latin Palaeography at Corpus Christi College. 7 ‘Contextualising the Fifth Crusade’ In 2006 she moved to Canterbury after being appointed as a lecturer in the School of History at the University of Kent. Her research interests cover ecclesiastical and religious history in the High Middle Ages (1200-1450). She also specialises in the medieval papacy and canon law. Dr Bombi has also worked on the Crusades in the early 13th century, writing a monograph on mission and Crusade in the Baltic area during the pontificate of Pope Innocent III. She has also researched the history of the Military Orders, especially the Teutonic Knights in the Fourteenth Century. In the past few years Dr Bombi has edited the register of the representative at the papal curia of Edward II and Edward III and she has started to compile a catalogue of the manuscripts of the Liber Extra (Decretals of Gregory IX), which are preserved in the British Libraries. Contact: [email protected] 9.45: Keynote 1 - Dr Alan V. Murray, University of Leeds “The Place of Egypt in the Strategic Thinking of the Crusades, 1099-1227” Abstract: The launching of crusades against Egypt in 1201 (abortively), in 1217 and later was the result of major changes in the geopolitics of the Near East, the grand strategy of crusading, and technological developments available to Western forces. This lecture surveys the place of Egypt in the strategic thinking of crusaders and the Franks of Outremer from 1099 to 1221. While a march against Egypt was briefly considered by the crusade leaders in 1099 it was declined and the Franks were overawed by major assaults launched against the kingdom of Jerusalem by the Fatimids in the years up to 1123. It was only the decline and attenuation of the Fatimid regime in the 1160s/1170s that drew the Franks and their Byzantine allies into an attempt to extend their power into Egypt, a process that paradoxically hastened the extinction of the Fatimid regime and the incorporation of Egypt by Saladin into a new Ayyubid empire, which was militarily stronger and more firmly rooted. Thereafter Egypt was recognised as the economic powerhouse of the Muslim world and thus an attractive and exploitable target for crusading; yet its geographical position and distance from Western Europe coincided with a move away from land-based crusades to naval expeditions, which brought with them new military and logistical challenges. Dr Alan V. Murray is Senior Lecturer in Medieval Studies at the University of Leeds. He has researched extensively on the crusades in the 12th century (especially those involving Germany and the Low Countries) and the history of the Frankish principalities in Syria and Palestine. He is the author of The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Dynastic History 1099-1125 (2000) and editor of the 4-volume reference work The Crusades: An Encyclopedia (2006). More recently he has worked on the finance and logistics of crusading and crusade and mission in the Baltic region. Contact: [email protected] 10.45: *Tea/Coffee and Refreshments* 8 ‘Contextualising the Fifth Crusade’ 11.00: Session 1 - Papal Influence (Chair : Liz Mylod) Paper 1.A. : Dr Hab. Pierre-Vincent Claverie, Assemblée Nationale, Paris, France “’Totius populi Christiani negotium’ ou la conception de la croisade chez Honorius III (1216- 1221)” Abstract: Nul n’ignore que le pape Honorius III définit, à la fin du mois de juillet 1216, la libération de la Terre sainte comme la priorité absolue de son pontificat. La présente communication a pour objectif de cerner les motivations religieuses de l’ancien camérier Cencio, en étudiant le providentialisme qui affleure dans sa correspondance diplomatique durant la cinquième croisade. Honorius III est en effet un ecclésiastique du XIIe siècle qui envisage son pontificat sous le signe d’une médiation entre Dieu et les hommes, héritée du judaïsme antique. Cette conception du pouvoir mérite d’être analysée dans la durée de façon à saisir les influences de la capitulation de Barāmūn sur la pensée du pape. Il convient pour cela de mettre en évidence l’attachement viscéral du cardinal Cencio à la défense de la Terre sainte avant son élection pontificale à l’été 1216. C’est ainsi que nous apprécierons la nature des liens mystiques tissés par Honorius III avec la Terre sainte et la cité de Jérusalem, où doit survenir la Parousie à la fin des temps. Cet arrière-plan idéologique permettra de mettre en évidence la phraséologie employée par le pape dans ses échanges épistolaires, en l’inscrivant dans la tradition de son prédécesseur Innocent III.