DESK RESEARCH OF THE SURVEYS OF IDPs PREPARED FOR UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES (UNHCR) Prepared by: Inna Volosevych, Head of Department for Social and Political Research [email protected] Tetiana Kostiuchenko, Senior Researcher, Department for Social and Political Research [email protected] December, 2017 Table of contents: Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................... 3 Glossary .................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Acronyms ................................................................................................................................................................ 5 Key findings ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 Main gaps in IDP surveys ...................................................................................................................................... 9 1. Methodology ................................................................................................................................................ 11 1.1 Research objectives and design ...................................................................................................................... 11 1.2. Methodological problems which occur in quantitative surveys of IDPs and their solutions ............................ 13 2. Demographic characteristics of IDPs in comparison with the general population of Ukraine .......... 15 2.1. Size of the IDP population ............................................................................................................................ 15 2.2. Age and gender composition ........................................................................................................................ 15 2.3. Ethnicity and language .................................................................................................................................. 17 2.4. Disability, health conditions ........................................................................................................................... 19 2.5. Areas of origin (rural/urban) .......................................................................................................................... 20 2.6. Level of education ......................................................................................................................................... 20 2.7. Professional background .............................................................................................................................. 20 2.8. Psycho-social problems ................................................................................................................................ 21 2.9. Household characteristics: household size, marital status, dependency ratios ........................................... 25 3. Geographic location of displacement ....................................................................................................... 26 4. Displacement and migration ...................................................................................................................... 27 4.1 Time of initial displacement ........................................................................................................................... 27 4.2 Number of moves after the initial displacement ............................................................................................ 27 4.3 Reasons for choosing place of settlement .................................................................................................... 27 4.4 Pendular or seasonal mobility ....................................................................................................................... 28 5. Causes of displacement and barriers to return ....................................................................................... 29 6. Preferences for place of settlement ........................................................................................................ 30 6.1 Preference on future place of settlement ...................................................................................................... 30 6.2 Which conditions should be in place for those who prefer to return ............................................................. 31 6.3 Which conditions should be in place for those who prefer to locally integrate ............................................. 31 6.4 Which conditions should be in place for those who prefer to resettle .......................................................... 31 6.5 Evidence of migration outside of Ukraine ..................................................................................................... 31 6.6 Solutions proposed by IDPs.......................................................................................................................... 32 6.7 Concrete plans for durable solutions ............................................................................................................ 33 7. Returns ......................................................................................................................................................... 34 8. Social integration at place of current residence...................................................................................... 36 8.1. Level of sense of belonging to the place of current residence ..................................................................... 36 8.2. Measures of general trust in neighbours vs. the Ukrainian population ......................................................... 37 8.3. Participation in community organizations / activities .................................................................................... 37 8.4. Discrimination experienced by IDPs on account of their displacement ........................................................ 37 8.5. Families that are separated .......................................................................................................................... 39 8.6. Specific situation in particular groups ........................................................................................................... 39 9. Economic integration at place of current residence ............................................................................... 41 9.1. Labour force participation and unemployment rate among IDPs comparing to the general population of Ukraine ................................................................................................................................................................... 41 9.2. Main obstacles/constraints to employment ................................................................................................... 42 9.3. Loans and debts ........................................................................................................................................... 42 9.4. Sources of livelihood and access to pensions and social benefits ............................................................... 43 10. Housing and property issues .................................................................................................................... 45 10.1. Current residence type .................................................................................................................................. 45 10.2. Adequacy/inadequacy of housing ................................................................................................................. 45 11. Legal issues................................................................................................................................................. 47 11.1. Registration as an IDP .................................................................................................................................. 47 11.2. Risks of statelessness among IDPs ............................................................................................................ 47 Attachment 1. IDP surveys conducted in 2014-2017 ........................................................................................ 48 2 Acknowledgements UNHCR and GfK Ukraine would like to express gratitude to the following organizations for access to the data of surveys and statistics on IDPs and IDP-related issues: IFES for the data of “Survey of IDPs on electoral issues” IOM for the data of all rounds of “National monitoring system of the situation with internally displaced persons” The State Border Guard Service for statistics on the number of arrivals and departures from NGCA The World Bank for the report on "Socio-Economic Impacts of Internal Displacement and Veteran Return" UCBI initiative implemented by Chemonics Int. with the support of USAID for the data of “Social Cohesion and Reconciliation (SCORE) Index – Population Survey” UN OCHA for providing estimates of the number of IDPs ZOiS research centre (Berlin) for the report on the survey “The Displaced Ukrainians. Who are they, and what do they think?”. The interpretation of all data used in this desk research is made by GfK Ukraine. Therefore, no claim against the abovementioned organizations should be made for the conclusions. This publication