lSSN 0287-2420 ¥750 RNAL JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN ASSOCIATION OF LANGUAGE TEACHERS VOLUME 15 NO.1 MAY 1993 CAMBRIDGE A course for pre-intermediate ELT learners Language in Use Adrian Doff and Christopher Jones systematic coverage of language claritl' flexibility selt:stlldyopportunities split editions (or shorr cour>es available /'tlllgurlge;1I USt' is specifically designed to cater for the needs of students wi th ,} broad range of language learn i ng backgrounds. Components: Classroom Book. Self·stud,· \S;'orkbook, Self· "ud)' Workbook and Key. Teacher's ~J.1nllal. Classroom Casserre. Self·study Caserre, Split editions. hll impnliuu lOI,ie\ J.od lunhcr 1F1fornlJUIlll, plt":hC (nIH,llI: [);md h,ht."r, L.llnhlidlit" l'ni\,t"rl>i[~' Pre\\, do l'nitetl PLlhli~hch Sl'rvln:\ I Ill. Kt"nk"lHha Ruildinl;. ') J..::I/ld.l Surug.ldaj, 2·cholllt". Chi\,oJ ...i;.u. 'J()k~'n 101 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS HI: (o~) tl<)~·~R75IAX: (Oil ':'19·R.p' Volume 15, No.1 JALT Journal May 1993 CONTENTS Editorial ............................................................................................ 4 Articles Memory: Old News, Bad News, New News, Good News Earl Stevick ........................................................................................................ 7 Japanese Pronunciation of English Tim Riney and Janet Anderson-Hsieh .............................................................. 21 Rightside-up Pronunciation for the Japanese Daniel Evans .................................................................................................... 39 Developing Fluency with Pair Taping Peter Schneider ................................................................................................ 55 The English Vocabulary of 21 Japanese Adults Hiroyuki Izawa ................................................................................................. 63 Research Forum A Study of Will and Going 10 in Plans and Predictions Dale T. Grifj'ee ................................................................................................. 79 A Comparison Study of Audio and Video in Language Testing Paul Gruba ....................................................................................................... 85 Reviews Issues and Options in Language Teaching (H. H. Stem) Reviewed by Alan Ma/ey .................................................................................. 89 Communicative Language Testing (Cyril J. Weir) Reviewed by Paul Gruba ................................................................................. 95 Research Methods in Language Learning (David Nunan) Reviewed by Ruth Wajnryb .............................................................................. 99 An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (Janet Holmes) Reviewed by Lauren Shapiro ......................................................................... 101 Language in Use: A Pre-Intennediate Course (Doff & Jones) Reviewed by Patrick Colabucci.. ................................................................... 109 Visions: An Academic Writing Text (Lites & Lehman) Reviewed by Kazuko yamada ........................................................................ 115 ESL in America: Myths and Possibilities (Sarah Benesch) Reviewed by James W. Tollefson ................................................................... 119 Teaching English Overseas: An Introduction (Sandra Lee McKay) Reviewed by Elizabeth King .......................................................................... 123 Information for Contributors................................................................. 126 1 JALT Journal, Vol. 15, No.1 (May 1993) JALT Journal Volume 15, No.1 May 1993 Editors Malcolm Benson Charles Wordell Hiroshima Shudo University Nanzan University, Nagoya Reviews Editor Roger Davies Ehime University Japanese Language Editor Kyoko Nozaki Kyoto Sangyo University Editorial Board Charles E. Adamson, Jr. John Fanselow Shizuok/J Instilllle 0/ Science and Technology Columbill University Sandra S. Fotos Michael Horne Senshu University Nagoya University Ann Johns Teruyuki Kume San Diego State University Kandtl University 0/ International Studiu Michael Liggett John Maher Hosei University, Tokyo International Christilln Universily Peter McCagg Joy Reid International Christilln Universily University o/Wyoming Carol Rinnert Tamara Swenson Hiroshimll University Osak/J Women's University Publications Chairperson: Carol Rinnert The lAnguage Teacher: Editor: Greta Gorsuch; Assoc. Editor: Gene van Troyer Proofreading: Tamara Swenson, Brad Visgatis Layout: Charles Wordell 2 JALT Journal, Vol. 15, No.1 (May 1993) JALT NATIONAL OFFICERS 1993 President David McMurray Vice-President Don Modesto Treasurer Recording Secretary Aleda C. Krause Richard Uehara Programs Membership Jane Hoelker Setsuko Toyama Public Relations Masaki Oda CHAPTERS Akita, Chiba Fukui, Fukuoka Gunma, Hamamatsu Himeji, Hiroshima Hokkaido, Ibaraki Kagawa, Kagoshima Kanazawa, Kobe Kyoto, Matsuyama Morioka, Nagano Nagasaki, Nagoya Nara, Niigata Okayama, Okinawa Omiya, Osaka, Sendai, Shizuoka Suwa, Tokushima Tokyo, Toyohashi Utsunomiya, West Tokyo Yamagata, Yamaguchi Yokohama Central Office Manager Junko Fujio 3 JALT Journal, Vol. 15, No.1 (May 1993) Editorial Articles The JALT Journal is pleased tobegin its fifteenth year with a contribution from one of the great figures of language education, Earl Stevick-his plenary address from the 1992 J AL T Conference in Kawagoe. Here, in "Memory: Old News, Bad News, New News, Good News," he evaluates both his own work on memory (as in his own classic Memory , Meaning, and Method, 1976) and the contributions of subsequent thinkers, before stating his present position. Those who know Stevick's work will be fascinated by this update; those who do not will have an opportunity to become acquainted with one of the central themes of psycholinguistics. This issue features two articles which focus on how the Japanese pro­ nounce English. Tim Riney and Janet Anderson-Hsieh have completed a fonnidable survey of the description of how Japanese pronunciation of English is described in the literature. Precision, details, concordance-all are lacking, they conclude. This article merits the serious attention of all readers who teach English or speak it as a foreign language. Daniel Evans's article, "Rightside-Up Pronunciation for the Japanese", presents classroom teachers with a clear argument for training students in the use of stress and intonation. Minimal pair pronunciation drills, he states, may work well for the word but terribly for the utterance. He includes numerous class activities which make students aware of where emphasis belongs in spoken English, and gives a simple system for marking texts for oral presentation. The number of English words one knows can be measured, as Hiroyuki lzawa describes in "The English Vocabulary of 21 Adult Japanese." He draws on the work of Robin Goulden, Paul nation, and John Reed to present readers with a series of five 60-word checklists which can be used to measure vocabulary size quickly and reliably. He concludes with an analysis of results gathered when he and twenty Japanese identified words they knew on the lists. Research Forum This issue sees the JALT Journal's first Research Forum. (Details were outlined in the previous issue, p. 105.) The Research Forum, as the name implies, will be available to researchers who wish to present ongoing work for immediate appraisal and consideration. Two excellent examples of what we intend to publish can be seen in this issue. In the first, Dale Griffee looks at empirical evidence concerning native and non-native use of will and going to. 4 JALT Journal, Vol. 15, No.1 (May 1993) In the second, Paul Gruba reports an investigation into how listening comprehension may be tested using video tape and by audio tape. The Editors hope that after this fine start, researchers will be attracted to the Forum as a place both to teach and learn. Reviews The Reviews section has descriptions and evaluations of eight current publications in language education, with reviews from Alan Maley, Paul Gruba, Ruth Wajnryb, Lauren Shapiro, Patrick Colabucci, Kazuko Yamada, James Tollefson, and Elizabeth King. Topics under discussion include classroom instruction, testing, research methods, and sociolinguistics. Acknowledgments The Editors thank Shari Bennan, Ann Ediger, John Aowerdew, Thomas Hardy, Dona Leki, Virginia LoCastro, and Mary Lee Scott for their editorial assistance in the production of JALT Journal, Vol. 15, No. 1. We also thank. Susan Johnston and John Shillaw for the many years of service they have given us as members of the editorial board. 5 EL T: the professional choice Discourse and Language Education Evelyn Hatch Discourse find Lllngl/flgl' EdllCtllio1l giVl's pract ica l experience in analysing discourse:. Tht' book includes: :malyscs of spokt'lIiangu:lgl' and the StruCtllrl..' of'scripts' the study of wrilfl'l/languagc - the rherorical strucrun: of composi ti ons or more informal wrincn material stich as personallctfcrs. Discourse Analysis for Language Teachers Michael McCarthy Discourse Alln(wisfor Lllugungt· Trncbt'rs gives :1 practical imrociuclion (Q rhe field of discoun;t' analysis and irs rdcvano.: tor Iangu3gt: teaching. The book: examines how discourse analysIs approad1 spoken :l.Ild wriw.:n language Qud incs ;md l"\,;llu;1Il'S difl(:n:nr lll11dds of analysis inciucic.:s Ch:1P1CfS on discoursl'·oril.'nrl'd apprO:l(hl'~ to grammar, vocabubr~1 :lnd phonology The t('XI is interspersed with reader