A Newly Introduced and Invasive Land Slug in Brazil: Meghimatium pictum (Gastropoda, Philomycidae) from China Author(s): Suzete R. Gomes, Juliane B. Picanço, Eduardo Colley, Aisur Ignacio Agudo-Padrón, Eliana Nakano and José W. Thomé Source: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 161(1):87-95. 2011. Published By: The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1635/053.161.0106 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1635/053.161.0106 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. ISSN 0097-3157 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA 161: 87-95 OCTOBER 2011 (NOVEMBER 1, 2011) A newly introduced and invasive land slug in Brazil: Meghimatium pictum (Gastropoda, Philomycidae) from China SUZETE R. GOMES National Malacology Laboratory, USDA APHIS PPQ NIS, Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 19103-1101. Email: [email protected] JULIANE B. PICANÇO Laboratório de Genética Humana e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências. Av. Ipiranga, 6681, prédio 12C, sala 290, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, Cep 90619-900. Email: [email protected] EDUARDO COLLEY Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 19020, Curitiba, PR, Brasil, Cep 81531-990. Email: [email protected] AISUR IGNACIO AGUDO-PADRÓN Projeto “Avulsos Malacológicos - AM”, P.O. Box 010, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil, Cep 88010-970. Email: [email protected] ELIANA NAKANO Laboratório de Parasitologia/Malacologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500, Pavilhão Lemos Monteiro, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Cep 05503-900. Email: [email protected]. JOSÉ W. T HOMÉ (VFULWyULRGH0DODFRORJLDHGH%LRÀORVRÀD3UDoD'RP)HOLFLDQRV3RUWR$OHJUH56%UDVLO&HS Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT.—The land slug Meghimatium pictum 6WROLF]ND QDWLYHWR&KLQDLVUHFRUGHGIRUWKHÀUVWWLPHLQ%UD]LO 7KLVLVDOVRWKHÀUVWUHFRUGRIDVSHFLHVRIWKHHDVWHUQ$VLDWLFJHQXVMeghimatium on the American continents. The species was LGHQWLÀHGXVLQJPRUSKRORJLFDOFULWHULDDQGDQDO\VLVRIWKHF\WRFKURPHR[LGDVHVXEXQLW,&2,2XUUHFRUGVLQGLFDWHWKLVVSHFLHV LVZLGHO\GLVWULEXWHGLQVRXWKHUQDQGVRXWKHDVWHUQ%UD]LOLQWKH6WDWHVRI6mR3DXOR3DUDQi6DQWD&DWDULQDDQG5LR*UDQGHGR 6XOLQGLVWXUEHGDQGQDWXUDODUHDV:HPRUSKRORJLFDOO\FKDUDFWHUL]HM. pictum H[WHUQDOFKDUDFWHULVWLFVUHSURGXFWLYHV\VWHP MDZDQGUDGXOD DQGSURYLGHVRPHELRORJLFDOLQIRUPDWLRQEDVHGRQÀHOGREVHUYDWLRQV:HDOVRGLVFXVVZKHQM. pictum was SUREDEO\LQWURGXFHGIURPZKHQFHLWFDPHSRVVLEOHSDWKZD\VRILQWURGXFWLRQDQGLWVFKDUDFWHULVWLFVDVDQLQYDVLYHVSHFLHVDQG potential agricultural pest. Key words: mollusk, exotic, herbivore, Pallifera. ABBREVIATIONS Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil MHNCI: Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia, APA: Área de Proteção Ambiental Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil RPPN: Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural MCTP: Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia da Pontifícia MNRJ: Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Brazil Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil MZSP: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, MCNU: Museu de Ciências Naturais da Universidade São Paulo, Brazil Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil CMS-DPE: Superintendência de Controle de Endemias do USDA: United States Department of Agriculture 88 S. R. GOMES ET. AL. INTRODUCTION mantle edge (Thomé et al., 2006). Philomycids are also syntremous (male and female portion of the reproductive Land slugs are mollusks with a reduced and internal system with a common gonopore) instead diatremous as in (in most families) or completely absent shell (Runham and veronicellids (male and female portion of the reproductive Hunter, 1970). Some species have been able to achieve system with separated apertures). Philomycids occur in nearly world-wide distribution through human activities. India, Japan and China to Java and Sulawesi (Indonesia) Being phytophagous they are more likely to arrive on and in damp temperate and tropical eastern North America plants and food; some become serious agricultural pests south to Colombia; they are also recorded as introduced (Runham and Hunter, 1970; Thomé, 1993; Robinson, in Hawaii (Pilsbry, 1948; Cowie, 1997; Wiktor et al., 1999). In Brazil, there is only one native family of land 2000). Currently, all the Asiatic species of Philomycidae slugs without a shell (Veronicellidae). All the other slugs are included in the genus Meghimatium van Hasselt, are introduced Paleartic species. The most common are 1823 (Tsai and Wu, 2008). The American species are Limax maximus Linnaeus, 1758, /LPDFXVÁDYXV(Linnaeus, included in three other genera: Phylomicus, Pallifera, and 1758) (both Limacidae) and Deroceras laeve (Müller, Megapallifera (Fairbanks, 1990). 1774) (Agriolimacidae) (Agudo-Padrón and Lenhard, The objective of this study was to record for the 2010). All of them including the less common species ÀUVW WLPH WR %UD]LO WKH &KLQHVH ODQG VOXJ Meghimatium were introduced to South America as a result of European pictum (Stoliczka, 1873), and also the eastern Asiatic colonization (Rumi et al., 2010). genus Meghimatium on American continents. We The Philomycidae includes slugs that have the mantle morphologically characterize M. pictum (external region covering the entire dorsal region, not only the characteristics, reproductive system, jaw, and radula) anterior part, as seen in all the other introduced slugs in and also provide some biological information based on Brazil. They have a large shell sac but no evidence of a shell. ÀHOGREVHUYDWLRQV:HDOVRGLVFXVVZKHQM. pictum was These characteristics make philomycids externally similar probably introduced, from whence it came, possible to veronicellids. The philomycids, however, differ, having pathways of introduction, and its characteristics as an one breathing pore that is a short slit near the anterior right invasive species and potential agricultural pest. Fig. 1. Map showing the known distribution of Meghimatium pictum in Brazil. SP- São Paulo; PR- Paraná; SC- Santa Catarina; RS- Rio Grande do Sul. A NEWLY INTRODUCED AND INVASIVE LAND SLUG IN BRAZIL 89 MATERIALAND METHODS 93839: Canela, 20.XI.2005 (2 ex.); MCNU 003: Colinas, 09.V.2009 (1 ex.); MCNU 004: Cachoeirinha, Parque Our study is based on analyses of 156 specimens of Ecológico Ambiental Souza Cruz, 22.VIII.2010 (1 ex.); M. pictum included in 34 lots from different localities from MCNU 005: Cachoeirinha, Horto Florestal Municipal southern and southeastern Brazil, and two localities from Chico Mendes, 04.VII.2009 (7 ex.); MCP 9182: Gravataí, southern China. The material (preserved in 70% alcohol) is 09.X.2010 (1 ex.). deposited in the collections of the MNRJ (Rio de Janeiro), 7KHVSHFLHVZDVLGHQWLÀHGXVLQJPRUSKRORJLFDOFULWHULD MZSP (São Paulo), CMS-DPE (São Paulo), MHNCI and analysis of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) (Curitiba), MCTP (Porto Alegre), and MCNU (Canoas). (Table 1-2). From each lot, whenever possible, specimens ,QWKHUHSRUWHGGLVWULEXWLRQZHDOVRFRQVLGHUHGVRPHÀHOG of different sizes were dissected under stereomicroscope, observations in Santa Catarina (of Agudo-Padrón) and and the internal morphology compared to the literature on records of Thomé et al. (2006), Agudo and Bleicker (2006), the group (Stoliczka, 1873; Pilsbry, 1948; Fairbanks, 1990; and Agudo-Padrón (2008), who incorrectly referred to this Wiktor et al., 2000; Tsai et al., 2005; Tsai et al., 2008). form as Pallifera sp. (Fig. 1). In order to compare the morphology we also examined China, Guangdong Province: MZSP 93847: Zhong specimens of M. bilineatum (Benson, 1842) from Qing Xiu Cun, Da Fu Shan Forestry Park, 28.V.2008 (1 ex.) (Bankit Mountain Garden, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous 1343617); USDA 120066: Zhong Cun, Da Fu Shan Region, China (lots CMS-DPE 1079 and USDA 120068, Forestry Park, 28.V.2008 (3 ex.). with 1 and 13 specimens, respectively) and a specimen of Brazil, 6mR 3DXOR 6WDWH: CMS-DPE 360: Ribeirão M. fruhstorferi Collinge, 1901 from Jeju Island, Province Pires, 03.VIII.2009 (7 ex.); CMS-DPE 95: Ribeirão Pires, of Jeju, South Korea (USDA 120067). 23.I.2009 (1 ex.) (Bankit 13433611); CMS-DPE 114: São Pictures of the reproductive system (having the Bernardo do Campo, 28.I.2009 (1 ex.); CMS-DPE 129: PDLQ PRUSKRORJLFDO GLDJQRVWLF VSHFLÀF FKDUDFWHUV LQ Ribeirão Pires, 02.II.2009 (1 ex.); CMS-DPE 404: Rio Philomycidae) were obtained with a DFC 280 digital Grande da Serra, 03.IX.2009 (1 ex.). camera attached to a stereomicroscope. Three radulae %UD]LO3DUDQi6WDWH MNRJ 11823: Guaraqueçaba, and three jaws of M. pictum were extracted and analyzed APA de Guaraqueçaba, RPPN Salto Morato, 06.II.2007