The Part-Of-Sp eech Tagging Guidelines for the Penn Chinese Treebank 3.0 Fei Xia Octob er 17, 2000 Contents 1 Intro duction 4 1.1 Tagging criteria . 4 1.2 POS tagset . 5 1.3 Size of the POS tagset . 6 1.4 Handling dicult cases . 6 1.5 Notation . 6 2 The Treebank Part-of-Sp eech Tagset 8 2.1 Verb: VA, VC, VE, VV . 8 2.1.1 Predicative adjective: VA . 8 2.1.2 Copula: VC . 9 2.1.3 you3 as the main verb: VE . 9 2.1.4 Other verb: VV . 9 2.2 Noun: NR, NT, NN . 9 2.2.1 Prop er Noun: NR . 10 2.2.2 Temp oral Noun: NT . 10 2.2.3 Other Noun: NN . 10 2.3 Lo calizer: LC . 10 2.4 Pronoun: PN . 11 2.5 Determiners and numb ers: DT, CD, OD . 11 2.5.1 Determiner: DT . 11 2.5.2 Cardinal Numb er: CD . 12 2.5.3 Ordinal Numb er: OD . 12 2.6 Measure word: M. 12 2.7 Adverb: AD . 12 2.8 Prep osition: P . 12 2.9 Conjunctions: CC, CS . 12 2.9.1 Co ordinating conjunction: CC . 13 2.9.2 Sub ordinating conjunction: CS . 13 2.10 Particle: DEC, DEG, DER, DEV, AS, SP, ETC, MSP . 13 2.10.1 de5 as a complementizer or a nominalizer: DEC . 13 2.10.2 de5 as a genitive marker and an asso ciative marker: DEG . 13 2.10.3 Resultative de5: DER . 13 2.10.4 Manner de5: DEV . 14 2.10.5 Asp ect Particle: AS . 14 2.10.6 Sentence- nal particle: SP . 14 2.10.7 ETC . 14 1 2.10.8 Other particle: MSP . 14 2.11 Others: IJ, ON, LB, SB, BA, JJ, FW, PU . 14 2.11.1 Interjection: IJ . 14 2.11.2 Onomatop o eia: ON . 15 2.11.3 b ei4 in long b ei-construction: LB . 15 2.11.4 b ei4 in short b ei-construction: SB . 15 2.11.5 ba3 in ba-construction: BA . 15 2.11.6 other noun-mo di er: JJ . 15 2.11.7 Foreign Word: FW . 16 2.11.8 Punctuation: PU . 16 3 Problematic Cases 17 3.1 Confusing parts of sp eech . 17 3.1.1 AD or AS . 17 3.1.2 AD or CC . 17 3.1.3 AD or CS . 17 3.1.4 AD or JJ . 18 3.1.5 AD or NN . 18 3.1.6 AD or NT . 18 3.1.7 AD or VA . 18 3.1.8 AD or VV . 19 3.1.9 AS or VV . 19 3.1.10 CC or P . 19 3.1.11 CS or P . 19 3.1.12 CD or DT . 21 3.1.13 CD or JJ . 21 3.1.14 CD or NT . 21 3.1.15 DT or JJ . 21 3.1.16 DT or OD . 21 3.1.17 DT or PN . 21 3.1.18 JJ or NN . 22 3.1.19 JJ or P . 22 3.1.20 LC or NN . 22 3.1.21 LC or MSP . 23 3.1.22 MorNN . 23 3.1.23 NN or NR . 23 3.1.24 NN or NT . 23 3.1.25 NN or VA . 23 3.1.26 NN or VV . 23 3.1.27 NN or PN . 24 3.1.28 PorVV . 24 3.1.29 VAorVV . 25 3.1.30 VE or VV . 26 3.2 Sp eci c words and collo cations . 27 3.2.1 de5 . 27 3.2.2 deng3, deng3deng3 . 27 3.2.3 lai2 . 27 3.2.4 lian2 . 27 2 3.2.5 you3 . 28 3.2.6 zhe4yang4 . 28 4 Lists of Words for Each POS Tag 29 4.1 AD . 29 4.2 AS . 30 4.3 BA . 30 4.4 CC . 30 4.5 CD . 30 4.6 CS . ..