Securing Afghanistan’s Future Accomplishments and the Way Forward Transport Sector Building Connections Asian Development Bank Securing Afghanistan’s Future Accomplishments and the Way Forward Transport Sector Building Connections Asian Development Bank South Asia Department March 2004 iii © Asian Development Bank All rights reserved. This paper was originally prepared as a draft Technical Annex to Chapter 3 of Securing Afghanistan’s Future: Accomplishments and the Strategic Path Forward. As such it is also available on the Afghanistan Government’s website (www.af/recosting ). The analysis and views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflectthe position of the Governors of ADB. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Use of the term “country” does not imply any judgment by the au- thors of ADB as to the legal or other status of any territorial entity. Principal Authors: Mohiuddin Alamgir, Natin Patel, V. N. Gnanathurai, Hideaki Iwasaki, Munawar Alam, Salim M. Qayum, Ravi Khera, and Mahammad Rasooli Supervisors: Frank Polman, Tadashi Kondo Coordinator: Craig Steffensen Editing and Typesetting: Sara Collins Medina Cover Design: Ram Cabrera Cover Photograph: Hideaki Iwasaki Page Photographs: Hideaki Iwasaki, Munawar Alam Administrative Support: Jane Santiano Fulfillment: ADB Printing Unit Published by the Asian Development Bank P.O. Box 789 0980 Manila, Philippines Website: www.adb.org ISBN: 971-561-536-8 Publication Stock No. 020804 iv Contents TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................xi FOREWORD.................................................................................................................xiii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...........................................................................................xv BACKGROUND...............................................................................................................1 ORGANIZATION OF THE TRANSPORT SECTOR................................................3 Roads and Highways ............................................................................................................3 Civil Aviation and Tourism ...................................................................................................3 Road Transport and Traffic ..................................................................................................4 Railways ...............................................................................................................................5 CURRENT STATUS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS .................................................7 Current Status ......................................................................................................................7 Roads .........................................................................................................................7 Civil Aviation .............................................................................................................9 Road Transport and Traffic .....................................................................................10 Railways ..................................................................................................................11 Rehabilitation at Work and Accomplishments ....................................................................11 Roads .......................................................................................................................11 Civil Aviation...........................................................................................................13 Road Transport ........................................................................................................14 KEY ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS ..........................................................................15 Crosscutting Issues .............................................................................................................15 Security....................................................................................................................15 Capacity ...................................................................................................................15 Public Ownership ....................................................................................................15 Efficiency.................................................................................................................15 Cross-Border Trade .................................................................................................16 Regulation ...............................................................................................................16 Accessibility and Gender ..........................................................................................16 Environmental Issues ...............................................................................................16 v Regulating Safety, Security, and Environmental Protection .....................................17 The Handicapped ...................................................................................................17 Roads and Highways ..........................................................................................................17 The Private Sector ...................................................................................................17 Toll Collection.........................................................................................................17 Implementation Constraints ....................................................................................17 Civil Aviation and Tourism .................................................................................................18 Road Transport and Traffic ................................................................................................18 Railways .............................................................................................................................18 STRATEGIC VISION, GOALS, AND KEY PRIORITIES .....................................19 Strategic Vision and Objective .............................................................................................19 Goals ................................................................................................................................19 Key Priorities.......................................................................................................................19 Roads and Highways ...............................................................................................20 Civil Aviation and Tourism .......................................................................................21 Road Transport and Traffic ......................................................................................21 Railways ..................................................................................................................22 OUTCOME/SERVICE DELIVERY INDICATORS AND TARGETS................23 Roads and Highways ..........................................................................................................23 Civil Aviation and Tourism ..................................................................................................23 Road Transport and Traffic .................................................................................................23 Railways .............................................................................................................................24 COSTING OF OUTCOME/SERVICE DELIVERY TARGETS ..........................25 Roads and Highways ..........................................................................................................25 Civil Aviation and Tourism ..................................................................................................25 Road Transport and Traffic .................................................................................................26 Railways .............................................................................................................................27 IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY, INSTITUTIONAL AND FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS, AND CAPACITY ............................................................29 Roads and Highways ..........................................................................................................29 Institutional Structure to Implement the Road Network .........................................29 Operation and Maintenance Arrangements and Financing .....................................29 Institutional Implications .........................................................................................30 Capacity Building and Institutional Strengthening .................................................31 Policy Reforms ........................................................................................................32 Civil Aviation and Tourism .................................................................................................32 Institutional Setup ...................................................................................................32 Human Resources Development .............................................................................33 vi Implementation Arrangements ................................................................................33