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University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 46106 A Xerox Education Company 72-26,995 DAVIS, Daniel Frederick, 1941- THE ROLE OF EAST ASIAN STUDIES IN AMERICAN SECONDARY EDUCATION: AN EVALUATIVE AND COMPARATIVE CONCEPTUAL APPROACH. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1972 Education, curriculum development University Microfilms, A XEROX Company , Ann Arbor, Michigan THE ROLE OF EAST ASIAN STUDIES IN AMERICAN SECONDARY EDUCATION t AN EVALUATIVE AND COMPARATIVE CONCEPTUAL APPROACH DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Daniel Frederick Davis, B.S.,M.A. * * * * The Ohio State University 1972 Approved by A d v i ^ e ^ College xf^Education PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms, A Xerox Education Company ACKNOWLEDGMENTS To my editor, critic, secretary and pillar of support during the writing of this dissertation, I wish to thank my wife, Barbara, whose love and kindness made it come to fruition. The work on this dissertation has also been generously supported over a period of two years, by the Education faculty of the Ohio state University. Particularly, for their support, friendship, critical analysis, patience and understanding, a special debt of gratitude is due Professors Robert E. Jewett, M. Eugene Gilliom, Paul Klohr, and Franklin R. Buchanan. The Ohio State University Daniel F. Davis May, 1972 ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS To my editor, critic, secretary and pillar of support during the writing of this dissertation, I wish to thank my wife, Barbara, whose love and kindness made it come to fruition. The work on this dissertation has also been generously supported over a period of two years, by the Education faculty of the Ohio state University. Particularly, for their support, friendship, critical analysis, patience and understanding, a special debt of gratitude is due Professors Robert E. Jewett, M. Eugene Gilliom, Paul Klohr, and Franklin R. Buchanan. The Ohio State University Daniel F. Davis May, 1972 VITA February 17, 1941 Born - Brooklyn, New York 1963............ B.S., The State University of New York- College at Oswego 1963-1970....... Teacher of the Social Studies, Valley Stream North High School, Valley Stream, New York 1967 ........... Participant, N.D.E.A. Institute in Asian Studies, Seton Hall University South Orange, New Jersey 196 9 ............ Participant, N.S.F. Institute in Sociology, Ball State University Muncie, Indiana 197 0 ............ M , A. , The City University of New York Brooklyn.College 1970-197 2 ....... Teaching Associate, in the Faculty of Humanities Education, The Ohio State University 1971-197 2 ....... Associate Director of the Service Center For the Teachers of Asian Studies. The Ohio State University PUBLICATIONS "A Critical Guide to Four Published Asian Studies Curriculum Programs." (November, 1971 issue of Focus) "The Dynamics of Modernization, A Study in Comparative History. Some suggestions for Classroom Use. (November, 1971 issue of Focus) "Drug Abuse Education." (December, 1971 issue of the Ohio Council for the Social Studies Review, pp. 25-27). "Over Population, Blessing or Curse?" (February, 1972 issue of Focus) Some Suggestions for Classroom Use. VITA (contd) FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Education Social Studies Education. Professor Robert E, Jewett Curriculum Frofessor Paul Klohr Asian studies Education Frofessor Franklin R, Buchanan VITA (contd) FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Education Social Studies Education. Professor Robert E. Jewett Curriculum Frofessor Paul Klohr Asian Studies Education Frofessor Franklin R. Buchanan CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION I THE STATE OF ASIAN STUDIES EDUCATION.............. 1 Statement of the Problem....... 6 Purpose of the Study.................... 8 Methodology and Procedure............... Assumptions Underlying the Study....... II. CONTEMPORARY VIEWS ON THE NATURE OF ASIAN STUDIES EDUCATION............. 16 The General State of Affairs........... 16 The Place of Area Studies in the Social Studies Curriculum........... 22 Textbooks in Asian Studies! A Reflection of American Foreign Policy 23 A Review of the Informal Literature* Conferences, Workshops and Symposia.. 26 a. The Role of Asian Studies in American Secondary Education 27 b. Association for Asian Studies Panel on Asia in the Schools.7 ........ 41 c. How Can Educators Increase under­ standing of China? ............ 45 d. The Role of Asian Studies in Ohio Schools..................... 49 III. AN EVALUATION OF SELECTED ASIAN STUDIES CURRICULUM PROJECTS.................. 53 The Asian Studies Inquiry Program...... 54 A Look Across Cultures* China - Connecticut Cluster Project on Non-Western Cultures................. 84 A Look Across Cultures* Japan - Connecticut Cluster Project on Non-Western Cultures................. 103 Modular Curriculum* English/Social Studies - Chinese Civilization, 1968-1970, Extramural Independent Study Center......................... 123 v CONTENTS (Contd.) Chapter Page IV. ARRANGEMENT OF CONTENT IN MODERN EAST ASIAN STUDIES* A COMPARATIVE CONCEPTUAL- ORIENTED MODEL.......................... 138 A Rationale for a Comparative Conceptual Approach............................. 139 An Examination of C.E,Black's Model for Modernization........................ 140 Adjunct Concepts Necessary for an Understanding of Modern China....... 153 CHINA* Phase I - The Challenge of Modernity............................ 157 Adjunct Concepts Necessary for an Understanding of Modern Japan....... 168 JAPAN * Phase I - The Challenge of Modernity............................ 172 CHINA* Phase II - The Consolidation of Modernizing Leadership............... 177 JAPAN* Phase II - The Consolidation of Modernizing Leadership............... 187 CHINA* Phase III - The Economic and Social Transformation................ 195 JAPAN* Phase III - The Economic and Social Transformation................ 201 JAPAN * Phase IV - The Integration of Society.............................. 205 CHINA* Phase IV - The Integration of Society.............................. 211 V. SUMMARY AND IMPLICATIONS OF THESTUDY..., 213 BIBLIOGRAPHY................................... 225 vi CONTENTS (Contd.) Chapter Page IV. ARRANGEMENT OF CONTENT IN MODERN EAST ASIAN STUDIESl A COMPARATIVE CONCEPTUAL- ORIENTED MODEL........................... 138 A Rationale for a Comparative Conceptual Approach.............................. 139 An Examination of C.E,Black's Model for Modernization......................... 140 Adjunct Concepts Necessary for an Understanding of Modern China....... 153 CHINAi Phase I - The Challenge of Modernity............................. 157 Adjunct Concepts Necessary for an Understanding of Modern Japan....... 168 JAPAN: Phase I - The Challenge of Modernity............................. 172 CHINAi Phase II - The Consolidation of Modernizing Leadership............... 177 JAPAN* Phase II - The Consolidation of Modernizing Leadership..... 187 CHINA* Phase III - The Economic and Social Transformation................ 195 JAPAN * Phase III - The Economic and Social Transformation................ 201 JAPAN* Phase IV - The Integration of Society............................... 205 CHINA* Phase IV - The Integration of Society............................... 211 V. SUMMARY AND IMPLICATIONS OF THESTUDY.... 213 BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................... 225 vi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTIONt THE STATE OF ASIAN STUDIES EDUCATION Throughout the United States today there seems to be an air of excitement over the possible rapprochement with the People's Republic of China. President Nixon's historic visit to Peking, may or may not be a portent