Global Federation of Animal Sanctuaries Standards For Ruminant Sanctuaries Version: May 2016 ©2012 Global Federation of Animal Sanctuaries Global Federation of Animal Sanctuaries – Standards for Ruminant Sanctuaries Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 1 GFAS PRINCIPLES ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 ANIMALS COVERED BY THESE STANDARDS ............................................................................................................. 1 STANDARDS UPDATES ............................................................................................................................................. 2 RUMINANT STANDARDS .......................................................................................................................................... 2 RUMINANT HOUSING .......................................................................................................................... 2 H-1. Types of Space and Size ................................................................................................................................. 2 H-2. Containment ................................................................................................................................................. 5 H-3. Ground and Plantings .................................................................................................................................... 7 H-4. Gates and Doors ............................................................................................................................................ 8 H-5. Shelter........................................................................................................................................................... 9 H-6. Enclosure Furniture ..................................................................................................................................... 10 H-7. Sanitation .................................................................................................................................................... 11 H-8. Temperature, Humidity, Ventilation, Lighting .............................................................................................. 13 PHYSICAL FACILITIES AND ADMINISTRATION ........................................................................ 15 PF-1. Overall Safety of Facilities .......................................................................................................................... 15 PF-2. Water Drainage and Testing ....................................................................................................................... 15 PF-3. Life Support ............................................................................................................................................... 15 PF-4. Hazardous Materials Handling ................................................................................................................... 15 PF-5. Security: Ruminant Enclosures ................................................................................................................... 16 PF-6. Perimeter Boundary and Inspections, and Maintenance ............................................................................ 17 PF-7. Security: General Safety Monitoring .......................................................................................................... 17 PF-8. Insect and Rodent Control ......................................................................................................................... 18 PF-9. Record Keeping .......................................................................................................................................... 18 PF-10. Animal Transport ..................................................................................................................................... 19 NUTRITION REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................................... 20 N-1. Water .......................................................................................................................................................... 20 N-2. Diet ............................................................................................................................................................. 21 N-3. Food Presentation and Feeding Techniques ................................................................................................ 23 N-4. Food Storage ............................................................................................................................................... 24 N-5. Food Handling ............................................................................................................................................. 24 VETERINARY CARE ........................................................................................................................... 25 V-1. General Medical Program and Staffing ........................................................................................................ 25 V-2. On-Site and Off-Site Veterinary Facilities ..................................................................................................... 25 V-3. Preventative Medicine Program .................................................................................................................. 26 V-4. Clinical Pathology, Surgical, Treatment and Necropsy Facilities ................................................................... 26 V-5. Quarantine and Isolation of Ruminants ....................................................................................................... 28 V-6. Medical Records and Controlled Substances................................................................................................ 29 i Global Federation of Animal Sanctuaries – Standards for Ruminant Sanctuaries V-7. Breeding/Contraception .............................................................................................................................. 29 V-8. Zoonotic Disease Program ........................................................................................................................... 30 WELL-BEING AND HANDLING OF RUMINANTS ........................................................................ 31 W-1. Physical Well-Being .................................................................................................................................... 31 W-2. Social Housing ............................................................................................................................................ 32 W-3. Introduction of Unfamiliar Individuals ........................................................................................................ 33 W-4. Behavioral/Psychological Well-Being .......................................................................................................... 34 W-5. Ruminant-Caregiver Relationships .............................................................................................................. 35 W-6. Handling and Restraint ............................................................................................................................... 35 STAFFING ............................................................................................................................................. 36 GENERAL STAFFING................................................................................................................................................ 36 S-1. General Staffing Considerations ................................................................................................................... 37 S-2. Security and Emergency Coverage ............................................................................................................... 37 S-3. Volunteer and Internship Programs ............................................................................................................. 37 S-4. Manuals ....................................................................................................................................................... 38 S-5. Employee Training and Continuing Education .............................................................................................. 38 SAFETY POLICIES, PROTOCOLS AND TRAINING ...................................................................................................... 38 S-6. General Staff Safety ..................................................................................................................................... 39 S-7. Communication System ............................................................................................................................... 39 S-8. Emergency Response Plans and Protocols .................................................................................................... 39 S-9. Escaped Ruminant Protocol ......................................................................................................................... 40 S-10. Emergency Training ................................................................................................................................... 40 S-11. Firearm