8th International Scientific Forum, ISF 2017, 7-8 September 2017, UNCP, USA, Proceedings PROCEEDINGS 8th INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM, ISF 2017, 7-8 September, The University of North Carolina at Pembroke, USA 8th International Scientific Forum, ISF 2017, 7-8 September 2017, UNCP, USA, Proceedings PROCEEDINGS 8th INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM, ISF 2017, 7-8 September, The University of North Carolina at Pembroke, USA European Scientific Institute, ESI (publishing) 8th International Scientific Forum, ISF 2017, 7-8 September 2017, UNCP, USA, Proceedings Impressum Bibliographic information published by the National and University Library "St. Kliment Ohridski" in Skopje, Macedonia; detailed bibliographic data are available in the internet at http://www.nubsk.edu.mk/; CIP – 001(062) COBISS. MK-ID 104578314 Any brand names and product names mentioned in this book are subject to trademark, brand or patent protection and trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. 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PROCEEDINGS: 8th International Scientific Forum, (8, 2017; Pembroke) / 8th International Scientific Forum, ISF 2017, 7-8 September, Pembroke, USA European Scientific Institute, ESI, 2017. - (297 p.) : ilust. ; 21 cm Kocani, Republic of Macedonia Email: [email protected] Printed in Republic of Macedonia ISBN 978-608-4642-61-9 Copyright © 2017 by the authors, ESI and licensors All rights reserved. 2017 8th International Scientific Forum, ISF 2017, 7-8 September 2017, UNCP, USA, Proceedings PROCEEDINGS 8th INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM, ISF 2017, 7-8 September, The University of North Carolina at Pembroke, USA 8th International Scientific Forum, ISF 2017, 7-8 September 2017, UNCP, USA, Proceedings Table Of Contents: The Persistent South: Southern Distinctiveness, Cultural Identity, and Change............................................................................................................1 Jeff Frederick Health Disparities Among African Americans.........................................11 E. Kelly Sanford Josie Scales Essame Hamido Waldine DeBerry Does the Body Adipose Index (BAI) Work For Elite Athletes? A Comparison of Body Composition Tests Between the Body Adipose Index (BAI) and Bodpod of Female, College Volleyball Players.........................22 Marian H. Wooten Danny Davis Tommy Thompson Whitney Jackson Paraoxon: An Anticholinesterase That Triggers an Excitotoxic Cascade of Oxidative Stress, Adhesion Responses, and Synaptic Compromise.................................................................................................29 Karen L.G. Farizatto Ben A. Bahr Potential Alzheimer’s Disease Therapeutics Among Weak Cysteine Protease Inhibitors Exhibit Mechanistic Differences Regarding Extent of Cathepsin B Up-Regulation and Ability to Block Calpain........................38 Heather Romine Katherine M. Rentschler Kaitlan Smith Ayanna Edwards Camille Colvin Karen Farizatto Morgan C. Pait David Butler Ben A. Bahr 8th International Scientific Forum, ISF 2017, 7-8 September 2017, UNCP, USA, Proceedings Increase in 2.5 Micron Airborne Particulate Matters, AHPCO® and Plasma Nanotechnology in Reducing the Symptoms of Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis............................................................................................60 Nabarun Ghosh MAAAAI, Sigma Xi Aubrey D. Howard Nelofar Sherali Prabir Banerjee Jeff Bennert Constantine Saadeh Chandini Revanna Food Sources and Preferences of College Students....................................68 Deric Hardy Ejimakor Godfrey Obed Quaicoe Protectionism: This Good Bad Word.........................................................77 Gabriel Aníbal Monzón Education for Employment: Is the Null Hypothesis Proven Too Frequently?...................................................................................................91 Mary Ann Hollingsworth Automated Aeroponics System Using IoT for Smart Farming...............104 Stephen C. Kerns Joong-Lyul Lee High Precision Measurements Lend No Supporting Evidence of Previously Reported Large Verdet Constants for Olive Oil....................111 William Brandon Siva Mandjiny Killian McDonald Sandra Huneycutt Dakota Lee 8th International Scientific Forum, ISF 2017, 7-8 September 2017, UNCP, USA, Proceedings A Study of Alternative Catalysts and Analysis Methods for Biodiesel Production..................................................................................................124 Cornelia Tirla Rachel B. Smith Thomas Dooling Nathaniel Kingsbury Christopher McKee Rebecca Panter Arieana Van Allen In Using Leaders as Insider Witnesses Without Prosecuting Them, the Special Court for Sierra Leone May Have Legitimised Impunity..........140 Ishmail Pamsm-Conteh American Whiteness as perpetual madness: Don Quixote Through the Lens of Ibram X. Kendi’s Stamped From The Beginning........................155 Alice A. Oleson Can Interfaith Research Resolve the Global Conflicts Based on Faith?..........................................................................................................174 Mahgoub El-Tigani Mahmoud Preferred Leadership Styles Within Minor League Baseball Organizations’ Front Offices....................................................................195 Danny Davis Max Blaisdell Gagnon Leah Holland Fiorentino Marian H. Wooten Benzene Uptake onto Modified Tea Waste: Perspective Applicability of Empirical Sorption Kinetic Models..........................................................206 Daniel C. Emeniru Momohjimoh O. Adubazi Pere-ere D. Wodu Gbeemi K. Dieware The Case of Local Administration in Turkey Within the Perspective of Participatory Democracy..........................................................................233 Tanzer Celikturk Yavuz Ramazan Kus 8th International Scientific Forum, ISF 2017, 7-8 September 2017, UNCP, USA, Proceedings ‘The Improvement of Educational Standarts of Academicians by Using Various Tools Offered by The Behavioural Change Matrix’................242 Necip Ozgur Iyilikci Degree of Adaptation to International Financial Reporting Standards: The Case of Turkey....................................................................................248 Birsel Sabuncu The Impact of Multi-Layered Diffusionary Processes on Musical Evolution: The Global Nature, and Hawaiian, Spanish and African Roots of Delta Blues Culture................................................................................257 John Byron Strait Ava Rei Fujimoto-Strait Exploring the Food Expenditure Patterns of College Students..............277 Joel Fatto Amoakon Godfrey Ejimakor Deric Hardy Microfinance Model- A Dynamic Drive Towards the Women Empowerment............................................................................................282 Ruchi Patel 8th International Scientific Forum, ISF 2017, 7-8 September 2017, UNCP, USA, Proceedings The Persistent South: Southern Distinctiveness, Cultural Identity, and Change Jeff Frederick, PhD College of Arts & Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, USA Doi: 10.19044/esj.2017.c1p1 URL:http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.c1p1 Abstract In recent years, contemporary observers and scholars have argued that the distinctiveness of the American South has vanished. Historians sympathetic to this view have cited various causal factors including political shifts, economic changes, migration and demographic data, the rise of a suburban South, racial reconciliation, or a general sentiment that the North and South were always more alike than different. Southern exceptionalism, it is argued, is either gone or never was as significant as previously indicated. In fact, the operative and most persistent characteristics of the South have been cultural, not political or economic. As a result, reports of the distinctive South’s demise have been premature. An examination of archetypal southern cultural characteristics such sport, food, gender, and presuppositions about family and faith indicate that the South in fact remains very much different from the rest of the country. Even elements of southern political culture remain relatively steadfast, most notably a predilection toward the politics of victimization. Despite the fall of the Confederacy, the end of slavery, the decline of the Solid Democratic South, and the comparative diminution of overt racial politics, northerners and southerners continue to manifest cultural differences and recognize these in each other. Southern culture persists. Keywords: American History; American South; Southern Culture; Cultural Persistence Introduction In August, 2008, a Newsweek magazine cover story announced the end of the South, terming the region less distinctive than at any time in American history and noting that a majority of southerners had been born since 1980, a milepost year for some signifying the onset of an assimilated, mainstream South. Recent migration patterns, political realignments, and various census and polling data have led some scholars to ponder the notion 1 8th International Scientific Forum, ISF 2017, 7-8 September 2017, UNCP, USA, Proceedings that the South has become Americanized, losing the trademark distinctiveness which echoed through various stages of the Old South, New South, and Modern