2013 Crime Scene Investigation A Guide For Law Enforcement Bureau of Justice Assistance U.S. Department of Justice CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION A Guide for Law Enforcement Crime Scene Investigation A Guide for Law Enforcement September 2013 Original guide developed and approved by the Technical Working Group on Crime Scene Investigation, January 2000. Updated guide developed and approved by the Review Committee, September 2012. Project Director: Kevin Lothridge Project Manager: Frank Fitzpatrick National Forensic Science Technology Center 7881 114th Avenue North Largo, FL 33773 www.nfstc.org i CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION A Guide for Law Enforcement Revision of this guide was conducted by the National Forensic Science Technology Center (NFSTC), supported under cooperative agreements 2009-D1-BX-K028 and 2010-DD-BX-K009 by the Bureau of Justice Assistance, and 2007-MU-BX-K008 by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. This document is not intended to create, does not create, and may not be relied upon to create any rights, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law by any party in any matter, civil or criminal. Opinions or points of view expressed in this document represent a consensus of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Justice. www.nfstc.org ii CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION A Guide for Law Enforcement Contents A. Arriving at the Scene: Initial Response/ Prioritization of Efforts ................................. 1 1. Initial Response/ Receipt of Information .......................................................................... 1 2. Safety Procedures ................................................................................................................... 2 3. Emergency Care ...................................................................................................................... 2 4. Secure and Control Persons at the Scene ............................................................................ 3 5. Boundaries: Identify, Establish, Protect and Secure .......................................................... 4 6. Turn Over Control of the Scene and Brief Investigator(s) in Charge ............................ 6 7. Document Actions and Observations ................................................................................. 6 8. Establish a Command Post (Incident Command System) and Make Notifications..... 7 9. Manage Witnesses ................................................................................................................... 8 B. Preliminary Documentation and Evaluation of the Scene .......................................... 10 1. Conduct Scene Assessment ................................................................................................. 10 2. Conduct Scene “Walk-Through” and Initial Documentation ....................................... 11 3. Note-Taking and Logs ......................................................................................................... 13 C. Processing the Scene .................................................................................................... 15 1. Determine Team Composition ........................................................................................... 15 2. Ensure Contamination Control .......................................................................................... 15 3. Documentation ..................................................................................................................... 16 Sketching ........................................................................................................................... 17 Photography...................................................................................................................... 27 Videography ...................................................................................................................... 35 4. Prioritize Collection of Evidence ....................................................................................... 38 5. Crime Scene Search Methods ............................................................................................. 39 6. Collect, Preserve, Inventory, Package, Transport, and Submit Evidence .................... 42 7. Detailed Crime Scene Evidence Collection ...................................................................... 42 Ignitable Liquids ............................................................................................................... 43 Bodily Fluids ..................................................................................................................... 43 Male Suspect Evidence Collection, Including Sexual Assault .......................................... 54 Bombs and Explosives ...................................................................................................... 56 www.nfstc.org iii CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION A Guide for Law Enforcement Documents ........................................................................................................................ 57 Firearms............................................................................................................................ 61 Ammunition ....................................................................................................................... 67 Tool Mark Evidence .......................................................................................................... 71 Trace Evidence ................................................................................................................. 73 Footwear and Tire Impressions ........................................................................................ 98 Footwear Impression Evidence ....................................................................................... 101 Motor Vehicles ................................................................................................................ 111 Electronic and Digital Evidence ..................................................................................... 113 Fingerprints .................................................................................................................... 134 Comparison/Elimination Prints ...................................................................................... 139 Tool Mark Evidence ........................................................................................................ 142 D. Completing and Recording the Crime Scene Investigation ...................................... 145 1. Establish Crime Scene Debriefing Team ....................................................................... 145 2. Perform Final Survey of the Crime Scene ..................................................................... 146 3. Documentation of the Crime Scene ............................................................................... 146 4. Acknowledge Specialized Crime Scene Circumstances ............................................... 147 Crime Scene Investigation in Correctional and Custodial Facilities ............................. 148 Time-Limited Crime Scene Investigation ........................................................................ 149 E. Crime Scene Equipment ............................................................................................ 150 1. Initial Responding Officer(s) ........................................................................................... 150 2. Crime Scene Investigator/Evidence Technician .......................................................... 151 3. Evidence Collection Kits (Examples) ............................................................................. 153 F. Appendices ..................................................................................................................... i Appendix A. Glossary.......................................................................................................................... ii Appendix B. Reference List ............................................................................................................. viii Appendix C. Diagrams ........................................................................................................................ x www.nfstc.org iv CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION A Guide for Law Enforcement Acknowledgements This updated Crime Scene Investigation: A Guide to Law Enforcement is a revision of the original publication published in January 2000, and borrows heavily from that work. The original publication was based upon the work of the National Crime Scene Planning Panel and additional Technical Working Group Members. Their contributions remain as vital today as when the original Guide was published. To develop this expanded edition, a Review Committee of recognized experts was assembled. This committee selected additional material from content developed for Department of Justice−funded crime scene projects, Scientific Working Groups and other open-source documents, which are reflected in the Reference section. Additional vetting of the material was accomplished through recognized subject matter experts. NFSTC wishes to thank the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA), the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) for providing input to this project. The resulting document includes detailed procedural guides for the complete range