POLFREE Deliverable D2.1 Policy Options for a Resource-Efficient Economy Grant Agreement no. 308371 ENV.2012.6.3-2 - Policy Options for a Resource-Efficient Economy - Collaborative project - D2.1 Report about synthesis of new concepts WP 2 - New concepts and paradigms for policies for resource efficiency Due date of deliverable: Month 8 Submission date: 26 / 07 /2013 Start date of project: 1st October 2012 Duration: 42 months Lead beneficiary for this deliverable: TNO Last editor: Arnold Tukker Contributors: Teresa Domenech, Paul Ekins (UCL), Jill Jäger, Franziska Hartwig (SERI), René Kemp (UNU Merit, ICIS) PU Page 1 Version 3.0 POLFREE Deliverable D2.1 Policy Options for a Resource-Efficient Economy The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 308371 . Dissemination Level PU Public X PU Page 2 Version 3.0 POLFREE Deliverable D2.1 Policy Options for a Resource-Efficient Economy Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................................................................. 3 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 2 GOALS OF A RESOURCE-EFFICIENCY POLICY .................................................................................................................. 8 2.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 PERSPECTIVES ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND RELATED GOALS OF RESOURCE POLICIES ................................................................ 8 2.2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................ 8 2.2.2 Weak sustainability: maintaining the productivity of manufactured, human, social and ecological capital ....... 10 2.2.3 Strong sustainability: setting clear environmental boundary conditions for economic and social development 11 2.2.4 Paradigmatic change: fundamental renewal of our socio-economic system ....................................................... 14 2.3 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................................. 15 3 PATHWAYS OF CHANGE .............................................................................................................................................. 16 3.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................... 16 3.2 UNDERSTANDING LARGE SCALE HISTORICAL CHANGE .................................................................................................................. 16 3.3 POLICIES SUPPORTING CHANGE .............................................................................................................................................. 18 3.3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 18 3.3.2 Individualist: ‘Sustainability through the market ‘ ............................................................................................... 20 3.3.3 Hierarchist: ‘Let’s put a man on the moon!’ ......................................................................................................... 20 3.3.4 Egalitarian: ‘A good transition arena will do it’ .................................................................................................... 21 3.3.5 Fatalist: ‘Change comes upon us’ ......................................................................................................................... 22 3.4 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................................... 23 4 CONCEPTS, CLASSIFICATION AND MAPPING OF STRATEGIES ...................................................................................... 25 4.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................... 25 4.2 LONG LIST OF CONCEPTS ....................................................................................................................................................... 25 4.3 CLASSIFICATION AND MAPPING .............................................................................................................................................. 26 4.3.1 Dimensions for classification ................................................................................................................................ 26 4.3.2 Mapping ............................................................................................................................................................... 28 4.4 CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................................................................................... 30 5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................................. 32 6 ANNEX 1: DEFINITIONS WITH REGARD TO RESOURCE-EFFICIENCY .............................................................................. 34 6.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................... 34 6.2 RESOURCE EFFICIENCY .......................................................................................................................................................... 34 6.3 RESOURCE PRODUCTIVITY ..................................................................................................................................................... 35 6.4 RESOURCE INTENSITY ........................................................................................................................................................... 36 6.5 ECO -EFFICIENCY .................................................................................................................................................................. 37 6.6 SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................................................................... 37 7 ANNEX 2: SOME DEFINITIONS OF SUSTAINABILITY ..................................................................................................... 39 8 ANNEX 3: NATURAL CONSTRAINTS WITH REGARD TO RESOURCE USE........................................................................ 40 9 ANNEX 4: SOME EXISTING CLASSIFICATIONS OF SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGIES ........................................................... 44 9.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................... 44 9.2 SOME CLASSIFICATIONS ........................................................................................................................................................ 44 9.3 DIMENSIONS TO BE USED IN THIS PAPER ................................................................................................................................... 48 10 ANNEX 5: DESCRIPTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF CONCEPTS ..................................................................................... 52 10.1 INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY ..................................................................................................................................................... 52 10.2 INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS .................................................................................................................................................... 54 PU Page 3 Version 3.0 POLFREE Deliverable D2.1 Policy Options for a Resource-Efficient Economy 10.3 WASTE PREVENTION / PRIORITY WASTE STREAMS ................................................................................................................. 56 10.4 EXTENDED PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY ............................................................................................................................... 58 10.5 SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................................................................... 60 10.6 LEASING SOCIETY ............................................................................................................................................................ 61 10.7 ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS ................................................................................................................................................ 62 10.8 NATURAL STEP ............................................................................................................................................................... 63 10.9 WEAK , STRONG AND SENSIBLE SUSTAINABILITY ....................................................................................................................