NUNC COGNOSCO EX PARTE THOMAS J. BATA LI BRARY TRENT UNIVERSITY / C. SKETCHES OF CHURCH HISTORY. From a.d. 33 to the Reformation. BY THE LATE Rev. J. C. ROBERTSON, M.A. CANON OF CANTERBURY. PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE TRACT COMMITTEE. LONDON: SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE, NORTHUMBERLAND AVENUE, 'CHARING CROSS, W. C. ; 43, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C. New York: E. & J. B. YOUNG & CO. 1895. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2019 with funding from Kahle/Austin Foundation https://archive.org/details/sketchesofchurchOOOOrobe CONTENTS, PART I. CHAP. PAGE /i. The Age of the Apostles. I *2. St. Ignatius 5 St. Justin, Martyr 10 St. Polycarp 13 The Martyrs of Lyons and Vienne iS Tertullian—Perpetua and her Companions 17 Origen 21 St Cyprian—Part I. 25 ,, Part II. 27 „ Part III. 29 The Last Persecution 31 Constantine the Great 38 The Council of Nicaea 43 St. Athanasius—Part I. 47 ,, Part II. 51 „ Part III 54 13- The Monks 59 14- St. Basil and St. Gregory of Nazianzum— Part I. 67 Part II. 70 15. St. Ambrose 73 16. The Temple of Serapis ... 77 17. Church Government 80 18. Christian Worship—Part I. 85 „ „ Part II. ... 87 ,, ,, Part III. ... 90 19. Arcadius and Plonorius ... 93 20. St. John Chrysostom—Part I. ... 95 „ „ Part II.... 100 „ „ Part III. 103 „ ,, Part IV. 105 21. St. Augustine—Part I. ... 108 ,, Part II. ... in ,, Part III. (Donatism) 114 ,, Part IV. „ 118 „ Part V. ,, 120 ,, Part VI. (Pelagianism 124 Part VII. 127 £84381 IV SKETCHES OF CHURCH HISTORY. CHAP. PAGF. ~ / 22. Councils of Ephesus and Chalcedon ... 128 ' 23. Fall of the Western Empire .. 131 / 24. Conversion of the Barbarians—Christianity in Britain •• 133 1 25. Scotland and Ireland ... 136 26^Ck>vis . .. I40 Justinian ... .. I42 ■Y 28. Nestorians and Monophysites ... .. 144 29. St. Benedict—Part I. .. 147 ,, Part II. ... .. 150 30. End of the Sixth Century—Parti. .. 152 „ ,, Part II. .. 154 ‘“'-31. St. Gregory the Great—Part I. .. 156 i_. >, ,, Part II. •• 159 <_,, ,, Part III. .. l60 . ,, ,, Part IV. .. 163 PART II. 1. Mahometanism—Image-worship .. 169 2. The Church in England ... .. 171 ^^3." St. Boniface •• 173 4. Pipin and Charles the Great—Part I. .. 177 ,, Part II. .. I79 5. Decay of Charles the Great’s Empire. .. l8l £-^"6. State of the Papacy .. 184 7. Missions of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries. IS5 c—8. Pope Gregory VII.—Part I. .. 191 „ t~~ Part II. 193 „ “ Part III. .. I94 ,, LTart IV. .. 196 9. The First Crusade—Parti. .. I98 >> Part II. ... ... ... .. 201 „ Part III. 204 10. New Orders of Monks—Military Orders . • 205 11. St. Bernard—Part I. 211 ,, Part II. • 213 12. Adrian IV.—Alexander III.—Becket—The Third Crusade! . 214 13. Innocent III.—Part I. 217 ,, t_Part II. ... 220 ,, <_ Part III. 222 ,, Part IV.. • 225 14. Frederick II.—St. Lewis of France—Part I. ... 228 i> >> ,, Part II. 229 »> .. >. Part III. 230 CONTENTS. V CHAP. PAGE 15. Peter of Murrone ... 222 16. Boniface VIII.—Part I. ...* ••• 235 ,, Part II. i— ... 236 17. The Popes at Avignon — The Ruin of tl Tem Pi ars — Part I. ... 239 Part II. ... 241 18. The Popes at Avignon (continued) ... 245 19. Religious Parties ... ... 247 20. John Wyclif (——r.. ... 249 21. The Popes return to Rome ... 232 ——22. The Great Schism ... 254 >"23. John Huss -... ... 236 24. The Council of Constance—Part I. ... 258 „ „ Part II. ... 260 „ . Partin ... 261 K 25. The Hussites ... 263 26. Councils of Basel and Florence . ... 265 27. Nicolas V. and Pius II. 268 28. Jerome Savonarola—Part I. ... 271 „ ,, Part II. 273 29. Julius II. and Leo X. ... 275 30. Missions—The Inquisition ... 277 M>o.S4- ££ 1 ... -g/ . g/ _ 7,.,steu4' ps~ /• .• Ttai: t$-/>7 . W /m., */ ^ TABLE OF DATES, . / y y / " .• . / • *<•. *> ■■ • •«• ■ ' T?a, C> ^ 'v^1 T' PART I. A.D. PAGE * 33- Descent of the Holy Ghost on the Day of Pentecost . I 62. Martyrdom of St. James the Less * 3 64. Persecution by Nero begins . 2 68. Martyrdom of St. Peter and St. Paul. 70. Destruction of Jerusalem by Titus Ol 95- Persecution by Domitian . OJ 100. Death of St. John . hn 116. Martyrdom of Ignatius ... VO 166. Martyrdoms of Justin and Polycarp ... 10-1 Ut 168. Montanus publishes his heresy .. 1 M 177- Persecution at Lyons and Vienne 1 .190. Tertullian flourishes ... _ ... 1 OCLn 202. Persecution by Severus begins./ ~1 ; (.{l* ' ‘ ,y. - /... 1 00 Martyrdom of Origen’s father ... ../ ,. 21 206. Martyrdom of Perpetua and her companions ... ,. 18 248. Cyprian, bishop of Carthage. • 25 249. Persecution by Decius ... • 23 251. Paul, the first hermit ... 60 Troubles at Carthage—Novatian separates from the Church 27 Plague at Carthage Death of Origen 27 24 Disagreement between Cyprian and Stephen, bishop of Rome 29 Persecution by Valerian . 257- 29 258. Martyrdom of Cyprian ... 260. 31 Conversion of the Goths begins . 40 261. Valerian taken prisoner in Persia—Gallienus allows'liberty to the Christians 32 270. Manes publishes his heresy . no 298. Diocletian requires soldiers, &c., to worship the heathen gods ... 33 3°3- The last general persecution begins. 34 3”- Separation of the Donatists from the Church 1 jg 3r3- Lnd of the persecution Constantine and Licinius give liberty to the Christians ... ... ... ... ,3 3J4- Council of Arles about the affairs of the Donatists ... ... 117 fUldnCc^ //? " ’*■ 4. * A/ A* ' ^ ^Z- /t, ,,' se TABLE OF DATES. Vll AO^fQM ■ A.D. ;6 t&t — /&3 / PAGE Arius begins to publish his heresy . 319- • 44 324- Constantine defeats Licinius, and declares himself Christian 38 325- The First General Council held at Niccea—Arius co demned—The Nicene Creed made 46 326. Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria 47 Council of Tyre 335- 48 j Athanasius banished to Treves 49 Death of Arius ... 336. 50 337- Death of Constantine ... 51 •>.! 338. Athanasius restored to his see ... 52, 341- Second banishment of Athanasius 52 343- Persecution in Persia ... 41 347- Revolt, defeat, and banishment of the Donatists 117 Ulfilas, bishop of the Goths 348- 93 349- Second return of St. Athanasius 52 AL Third exile of Athanasius 356. 53 Death of Antony the hermit ... 6t 361. Julian, emperor—Paganism restored 57 2 362. The Donatists recalled ... Athanasius restored, but again banished Attempt to rebuild the Temple of Jerusalem * : juj- Death of Julian ... 58 370. Basil, bishop of Caesarea, in Cappadocia 68 372. Gregory of Nazianzum consecrated as bishop of Sasima 69 373- Death of Athanasius 59 374- Ambrose, bishop of Milan 73 378. Gregory of Nazianzum goes to Constantinople 69 379- Theodosius, emperor 70 380. Gregory, bishop of Constantinople—Death of Basil 70 3?) Second General Council held at Constantinople—Grego >7 withdraws from his see 70 < £385- Execution of Priscillian 72 -st 387. Baptism of Augustine ... 113 Sedition at Antioch 97 390. Massacre at Thessalonica, and repentance of Theodosius 75 391. Destruction of the Temple of Serapis ... 78 395- Death of Theodosius 77 Augustine, bishop of Hippo ... 114 397- Death of Ambrose - 77 Chrysostom, bishop of Constantinople 100 400. Pelagius teaches his heresy at Rome ... 124 4°3- Death of Telemachus at Rome... 95 Council of the Oak—Chrysostom banished and recalled 105 404. Chrysostom banished to Cucusus 106 407. Death of Chrysostom ... ... ... 107 vU ^ Vlll SKETCHES OF CHURCH HISTORY. A.D. PAGE 409. The Romans withdraw from Britain. ... ... 135 410. Rome taken by Alaric ... ... ... ... ... ... 93 Pelagius and Celestius in Africa ... ... ... ... 125 411. Conference with the Donatists at Carthage ... ... ... 122 412. Ninian, bishop of Whithorn ... ... ... ... ... 136 415- Councils in the Holy Land as to Pelagius ... ... ... 126 429. Pelagianism put down in Britain by German and Lupus ... 135 Death of Augustine . ... ... .128 430- 43 r>’ Third General Council held at Ephesus—Condemnation of Nestorius ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 129 432. Death of Ninian—Patrick goes into Ireland ... ... ... 136 449. Council, known as “The Meeting of Robbers,”at Ephesus 129 Landing of the Saxons in England 136 4SI Fourth General Council held at Chalcedon—Condemnation of Eutyches ... 129 Attila in France—Deliverance of Orleans 131 452. Attila in Italy ... 132 455- Rome plundered by Genseric ... 132 476. End of the Western Empire ... 133 484- 519. Separation between the Churches of Rome and Constantinople 144 Death of Patrick 493- 138 496. Conversion of Clovis 141 527- Justinian, emperor 142 529- The heathen schools of Athens shut up 143 Benedict draws up his Rule for monks 149 541. Jacob, leader of the Monophysites 145 Fifth General Council held at Constantinople 553- 145 565- Columba settles at Iona 139 Death of Justinian 142 589. Third Council of Toledo—The Spanish Church renounces Arianism 134 Columban goes into France 139 590. Gregory the Great, bishop of Rome 155 596. Mission of Augustine to England i(53 597- Landing of Augustine in England—Conversion of Ethelbert 164 604. Deaths of Gregory and Augustine 166 TABLE OF DATES. IX PART II. A.D. PAGE 589- 615. Missionary labours of St. Columban . ... 205 612. Mahomet begins to publish his religion ... ... ... 169 627. Jerusalem taken by the Mussulmans... ... ... ... 169 632. Death of Mahomet ... ... ... ... ... ... 169 635- Settlement of Scottish missionaries in Holy Island... ... 172 664. Council of Whitby ... ... ... ... ... ... 172 724. Beginning of controversy as to images ... ... ... 170 732. Victory of Charles Martel over the Saracens ... ... 174 734- Death of the Venerable Bede ... ... ... ... 173 715- •755. Missionary labours of St. Boniface ... ... ... 174 752. Pipin becomes king of the Franks ... ... ... ... 177 787. Second Council of Nicsea ... ... ... ... ... 180 794- Council of Frankfort ... ... ... ... ... ... 180 8oo. Charles the Great crowned as emperor .178 (about). Forgery of Constantine’s donation ... ... ... 192 814. Death of Charles the Great ... ... ... ... ... 181 826- -865. Missionary labours of Anskar ... ... ... ... 187 846 (about). Forgery of the False Decretals ... ... ... 192 860- -870. Conversion of Bulgarians, Moravians, Bohemians, &c. 185 912 , Foundation of the Order of Cluny ..