Defining Moments The muckrakers and the progressive era Laurie Collier Hillstrom P.O. Box 31-1640 Detroit, MI 48231 Table of Contents Preface . ix How to Use This Book . xiii Research Topics for The Muckrakers and the Progressive Era . xv NARRATIVE OVERVIEW Prologue . .3 Chapter One: Events Leading Up to the Progressive Era . .7 Chapter Two: The Role of Journalism in America . .21 Chapter Three: Addressing Social Problems . .35 Chapter Four: Battling the Titans of Industry . .51 Chapter Five: Exposing Government Corruption . .69 Chapter Six: The Muckraking Tradition Continues . .85 Chapter Seven: Legacy of the Progressive Era . .103 BIOGRAPHIES Ray Stannard Baker (1870-1946) . .115 Journalist and Author of Following the Color Line S.S. McClure (1857-1949) . .119 Progressive Owner and Editor of McClure’s Magazine David Graham Phillips (1867-1911) . .124 Journalist Who Wrote the “Treason of the Senate” Series v Defining Moments: The Muckrakers and the Progressive Era Jacob Riis (1849-1914) . .128 Photographer and Author of How the Other Half Lives John D. Rockefeller (1839-1937) . .132 Industrial Tycoon, Philanthropist, and Major Target of the Muckrakers Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919) . .137 President of the United States, 1901-1909 Upton Sinclair (1878-1968) . .142 Journalist, Political Leader, and Author of The Jungle Lincoln Steffens (1866-1936) . .148 Journalist and Author of The Shame of the Cities Ida M. Tarbell (1857-1944) . .152 Journalist and Author of The History of the Standard Oil Company PRIMARY SOURCES President Theodore Roosevelt Promises Progressive Reform . .159 Jacob Riis Chronicles the Struggles of the Urban Poor . .165 John Spargo Describes the Tragedy of Child Labor . .170 Ida Tarbell Investigates the Standard Oil Trust . .173 Upton Sinclair Exposes Problems in the Meatpacking Industry . .178 Lincoln Steffens Reveals the Shame of the Cities . .182 David Graham Phillips Blasts Corrupt U.S. Senators . .188 Roosevelt Calls Crusading Journalists “Muckrakers” . .192 The Washington Post Gives Wounded Veterans a Voice . .197 Pete Hamill Explains the Importance of Investigative Journalism . .206 Modern-Day Muckrakers Face Major Challenges . .212 vi Table of Contents Important People, Places, and Terms . .219 Chronology . .225 Sources for Further Study . .233 Bibliography . .235 Photo and Illustration Credits . .239 Index . .241 vii.