The Fiqh Manual First edition: December 2018 © Baḥr-ul-Midād Publications Copyright 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the copyright holder. ISBN: 000000000000 Authored by: Muhammad Imteyaz Omarji Edited and Checked by: Maaeez Ilyas Patel Published by Baḥr-ul-Midād Publications, Bolton, UK 13 Martindale Gardens, BL1 8EE [email protected] Tel : +44 7555 676070 or +44 7961 023594 or +44 7557 980709 Book design and typesetting by Cover design by Yousef Cover image: Printed by: 2 BAḤR-UL-MIDĀD Publications The Fiqh Manual َ َ لسمي َرب َ َنا تَ َقب َ ۡل ِم َناۖٓ إِن َك أن َت ٱ َ ِ ُع ٱلۡ َعلِي ُم )البقرۃ ۱۲۷( “Our Rabb, accept (this) from us. Indeed, You -and You alone- are the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing (You hear our prayers and know our intentions and actions).” (Sūrah-al-Baqarah: 127) The humble writer, editor and others who helped in the compilation of this work request the respected reader to remember them, their parents, teachers and loved ones in their heartfelt du’ā’s. Every effort has been made to ensure the rulings mentioned are free from any inaccuracies and error. An attempt was made to only use reliable and authentic sources. Nevertheless, man being imperfect by nature will inevitably slip up and make mistakes. َو ُخلِ َق ٱلۡ ِإن ََٰس ُن َض ِعي ف ا )النسٓاء ۲۸( “Man has been created weak.” (An-Nisā: 28) Thus the reader is kindly requested that if any errors are found, be they grammatical, or those related to the rulings themselves, we will be very grateful if the respected reader notifies of them. ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ فَِإ ْن يَ ُك ْن َصَوااًب فَم َن ا هَّلل، َوإ ْن يَ ُك ْن َخط َأا فَمِِّن َوم َن ال هشيْطَان “If I make a mistake, it is my own doing and the doing of Shaytān and if I happen to be correct, it is through the grace of Allāh” 3 BAḤR-UL-MIDĀD Publications The Fiqh Manual َ قُل ل ۡو كَا َن ٱلۡ َب ۡحر ِم َدا دا لِ كَلِ ََٰم ِت رب ِ ي لَ َن ِف َد ٱلۡ َب ۡحر ُ َ ُ َ قَ ۡب َل أن تَن َف َد كَلِ ََٰم ُت َرب ِ ي َولَ ۡو ِج ۡئ َنا بِ ِمثۡلِ ِهۦ َم َد دا Say, (O Prophet, to one and all): “If the sea were as ink for the words of my Lord, most surely, the sea would be depleted before the words of my Lord were depleted even if We were to bring the like of it in replenishment.” (Surah al-Kahf: 109) 4 BAḤR-UL-MIDĀD Publications The Fiqh Manual Preface Assalāmu ʿAlaykum wa Raḥmatullāhi wa Barakātuh, Alḥamdullillāh, through the infinite grace and mercy of the Almighty, the first part of “The Fiqh Manual” series published by Baḥr-ul-Midād Publications is in your hands. The age we live in is an age of incredible material progress due to which the concept of the spiritual has gradually disappeared and vanished. This preponderance of godlessness which permeates every aspect of our lives had led to even Muslims falling prey to scepticism and doubt, inevitably leading to the erosion of Islamic values and principles. At Baḥr-ul-Midād Publications, our goal is to preserve and maintain Islāmic morals and values by inculcating the true spirit of Islām in an individual’s life. We aim to do this through providing authentic Islāmic literature which we hope will offer an insight and also furnish the reader with a broad understanding of the sharīʿah. We also wish to mould and shape in the individuals mind spiritual values. We strive for excellence and perfection, but our main objective is to provide the average Muslim with correct knowledge to fulfil his religious necessities. The work is rendered in a manner which is simple but captivating and professional. It is a duty and responsibility of those that run makātib, to give their students the best education possible. It is their duty to oversee the nurturing and upbringing of their students and equip them with the knowledge and skills so that they true representatives of Islam. However, it is sad to see that when students reach the age of understanding, they leave the madrasāh curriculum either by leaving madrasāh altogether or enrol in a ḥifẓ class which usually does not cater for their respective ʿilmī needs. Consequently, these students step into the world, ill-equipped and oblivious to the necessary knowledge needed to practice the basic requirements of dīn and unless they are not inspired to join the ʿālimiyyah course or participate in the gatherings of the ʿUlamā with regularity, they remain uneducated. This predicament was the primary driving force for the initiation of adult classes and further education classes in the makātib systems, unfortunately these classes are attended by a small handful. 5 BAḤR-UL-MIDĀD Publications The Fiqh Manual It was keeping this in consideration, we decided to compile “The Fiqh Manual”. “The Fiqh Manual” was prepared and designed in a manner which targeted these three groups specifically; the ḥifẓ classes, further education classes and adult classes whilst also being beneficial to the layman. This attempt is neither too academic nor intricate, written to only include those rulings which are relevant to our present day. On a broader level, the intention of compiling this book was to assist and facilitate for the novice an understanding of rulings which pertain to many aspects of our daily lives. It is the wish and desire of Baḥr-ul-Midād Publications that “The Fiqh Manual” be introduced to all youth who have reached the age of maturity. The reader is encouraged to study this work – or any other work on fiqh and law for that matter – with a qualified ʿĀlim to ensure the content is understood correctly. Similarly, it is recommended that the reader reads a chapter from beginning to end in order to grasp the full outline of the rulings. The “Fiqh Manual” was revised a number of times, during which many additions were made; to both the text and accompanying footnotes. Readers will notice that the contents of the book are very detailed, majority of which are necessary but all of which are beneficial. It is appropriate to point out that majority of the contents of the book are something vital to fully comprehend the subject under discussion. Apart from this, there are a number of footnotes which do not directly compliment the actual text; but rather, have a subtle link. These footnotes, though not as vital as the actual text, of course, have their own subsidiary benefits. Thus, readers and teachers are advised to keep the aforementioned points in min, and accordingly work their way through the book. Teachers are advised to guage the ability of their students; thus, accordingly omitting sections which fall out of their academical abilities. In short, each person should study the book in accordance to their capability and understanding, while not becoming uninterested. We felt that acquaintance and insight with key Arabic terminology is vital in gaining a better understanding of Islam. Similarly, we would like to note that finding the exact equivalent in English for some of the specialised terminology of fiqh is difficult. Therefore, throughout this book we have used the Arabic terms along with the English translation in bracketed form including those which may be familiar to some English-speaking Muslims. On the whole, we felt this is more likely to ensure that the precise intended meaning of these terms is conveyed to all readers. Firstly, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my teacher and mentor, Shaykh-ul-Ḥadīth Ḥaḍrat Mawlānā Muhammad Saleem Dhorat Ḥafiẓahullah 6 BAḤR-UL-MIDĀD Publications The Fiqh Manual (founder of Islamic Da’wah Academy, Leicester), who inspired me to embark on this task. Seeing his great determination, commitment and widespread acceptance in the publication field, I was prompted and motivated to follow in his footsteps. Thus, with the name of Allah, I initiated this humble effort and whatever my limited mind conjured up, I penned down, which through the divine grace of Allah, with time formed a book of good size. Furthermore, it would be unfaithful and disingenuous for me to claim that this work was a result of my sole endeavour. I would like to extend my deepest gratitude for those who helped me; physically, monetarily, spiritually and morally. My heartfelt thanks goes to Mawlana Maaeez Ilyas Patel (chief editor of Baḥr-ul-Midād Publications) for his editorial work, invaluable advice and feedback. He suggested key modifications, thereby ensuring that the material presented is exemplary in lucidity and clarity. He spent much time revising the present work, both the text and accompanying footnotes. Without his dedication, passion and meticulous attention, the publication would not be of this standard, something for which I am eternally indebted to him. There are many other people who I benefitted from, and some whose general support was vital for me to work on this compilation. It is our sincere hope that the contents of this book are clear in presentation and reliable in content. The reader is requested to pardon the compiler for any mistakes or shortcomings that might be in the work, despite the utmost effort taken to ensure accuracy, clarity and authenticity. If you do find this work to be beneficial, we request that you inform other respected ʿUlamā and associates.