Environmental Scan Report North West Metro Region Environmental Scan Report: North West Metro Region Table of contents 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Purpose ............................................................................................................................................................. 4 3. Structure of document ..................................................................................................................................... 4 4. Environmental scan process .......................................................................................................................... 5 5. Regional Context .............................................................................................................................................. 5 6. Natural Environment ........................................................................................................................................ 8 6.1 Climate ................................................................................................................................................................ 8 6.1.1 Average Temperatures ....................................................................................................................................... 8 6.1.2 Rainfall ................................................................................................................................................................ 9 6.1.3 Climate Change ................................................................................................................................................ 15 6.2 Land Use .......................................................................................................................................................... 17 6.2.1 Bushfire Risk .................................................................................................................................................... 21 6.3 Waterways ........................................................................................................................................................ 22 6.3.1 Floods ............................................................................................................................................................... 24 6.4 Geology ............................................................................................................................................................ 28 6.5 Marine ............................................................................................................................................................... 32 7. Built Environment ........................................................................................................................................... 33 7.1 Information and telecommunications ................................................................................................................ 33 7.1.1 Telephone exchanges ...................................................................................................................................... 34 7.1.2 Television and radio stations ............................................................................................................................ 34 7.2 Energy .............................................................................................................................................................. 35 7.2.1 Electricity .......................................................................................................................................................... 37 7.2.2 Gas ................................................................................................................................................................... 39 7.2.3 Liquid fuels ....................................................................................................................................................... 40 7.3 Food, grocery and manufacturing .................................................................................................................... 41 7.3.1 Food supply chain ............................................................................................................................................ 42 7.4 Transport .......................................................................................................................................................... 43 7.4.1 Roads ............................................................................................................................................................... 44 7.4.2 Rail .................................................................................................................................................................... 49 7.4.3 Air ..................................................................................................................................................................... 51 7.4.4 Sea ................................................................................................................................................................... 52 7.5 Water and wastewater ...................................................................................................................................... 53 7.5.1 Water ................................................................................................................................................................ 53 7.5.2 Emergency water supply points ....................................................................................................................... 56 7.5.3 Wastewater ....................................................................................................................................................... 57 7.6 Waste and recycling ......................................................................................................................................... 57 7.6.1 Landfill .............................................................................................................................................................. 57 Page 2 of 113 Date: 14 September 2020 FINAL 2.0 Public Version Environmental Scan Report: North West Metro Region 7.6.2 Recycling .......................................................................................................................................................... 58 7.7 Government services ........................................................................................................................................ 59 7.8 Emergency services ......................................................................................................................................... 61 7.9 Other infrastructure assets and industries ........................................................................................................ 63 7.9.1 Major Hazard Facilities ..................................................................................................................................... 63 7.9.2 Dependencies ................................................................................................................................................... 65 7.9.3 Tourism ............................................................................................................................................................. 65 7.9.4 Cladding fire safety risk .................................................................................................................................... 67 7.9.5 High Density Public Housing ........................................................................................................................ 68 8. Social Environment ........................................................................................................................................ 69 8.1 Population ......................................................................................................................................................... 69 8.2 Vulnerability indicators ...................................................................................................................................... 71 8.2.1 The young, the elderly and those needing assistance ..................................................................................... 73 8.3 Diversity ............................................................................................................................................................ 77 8.3.1 Birthplaces and languages spoken .................................................................................................................. 77 8.3.2 Income and housing ......................................................................................................................................... 80 8.4 Education .......................................................................................................................................................... 82 8.5 Health ............................................................................................................................................................... 85 8.6 Cultural values and assets ..............................................................................................................................