REFER- ENCE LEVEL OF DESCRIPTION OUTCOME(S) STUDY PERIOD ANALYSIS OF STUDY OF INTEREST FINDINGS Adelman, 1970-2010 200 Metropolitan Time se- Violent and Immigration consistently associated R., Reid, L. Statistical Areas ries analysis property crime with fewer violent crimes and prop- W., Markle, (MSAs) exploring the rela- rates (UCR) erty crimes across the time period. G., Weiss, S., tionship between & Jaret, C. the percentage Each 1% increase in percentage for- (2017). of foreign-born eign-born was associated with 4.9 people (using cen- fewer violent crimes; 4.3 fewer rob- sus data) and beries; 0.11 fewer homicides; and violent/property 98.96 fewer property crimes. crime rates (us- ing Uniform Crime Report (UCR) data. Allen, J., & 1990-2007 29 urban and ru- Analysis of the re- Juvenile prop- Negative but insignificant rela- Cancino, J. ral Texas counties lationship between erty crime tionship between the percentage M. (2012). situated along the the foreign-born (UCR) foreign-born population and juvenile Texas-Mexico border population and ju- property crime in both urban and ru- venile property ral counties. crime. Amuedo- 2007-2014 All United States Ordinary least Changes in ar- When controlling for other variables, Dorantes, C., counties squares (OLS) re- rest and crime increases in refugee resettlement Bansak, C., gression and rates (UCR) rates had no statistically significant & Pozo, S. instrumental vari- relationship with increases in crime (2018). able (IV) analysis rates when using either arrest or of- to explore the ef- fense data. fect of refugee resettlement on More complex analyses showed that crimes and arrests there is a statistically significant de- (UCR) crease in arrests for all crimes and violent crimes as refugee resettle- ment rates increase. Immigration and Crime: A Public Policy Red Herring 1 REFER- ENCE LEVEL OF DESCRIPTION OUTCOME(S) STUDY PERIOD ANALYSIS OF STUDY OF INTEREST FINDINGS Bersani, B.E. 1997-2005 Individuals—8,984 Group-based tra- Self-reported First-generation immigrants were (2014) youth (includ- jectory modelling delinquent significantly less likely to have been ing 532 first- and (identifying clus- and criminal involved in any crime 988 second-gener- ters of individuals involvement ation immigrants) who display sim- in the previ- If first-generation immigrants were surveyed over ilar behavioral ous 12 months, involved in criminal offending, they nine annual waves trajectories over including prop- were also much more likely to have in the National a period of time) erty damage, desisted at an earlier age. Longitudinal Survey study examining theft, auto- Criminal involvement increased 1997 first-/second-gener- mobile theft, among second-generation immi- ation immigrants’ fraud, assault, grants, but there was no evidence involvement in and and selling that their rate of involvement or desistance from of- drugs patterns of offending were differ- fending over time ent from that of the native-born differed from those population. of native-born individuals Immigrant nationality groups did not act as a risk factor for offending. Bersani, B. E. 1997-2005 Individuals — 4,122 Study exploring Self-reported Second-generation immigrants (2014). adolescents (3,533 whether predictors delinquent appeared to fall between their na- native-born and of crime amongst and criminal tive-born White and Black/Hispanic 589 second-gener- second-genera- involvement counterparts on the predictors of ation immigrants) tion immigrants in the previ- crime, including human and social surveyed over differ from those ous 12 months, capital, and environmental risk. nine waves in of native-born in- including prop- the National dividuals using erty damage, Second-generation immigrants Longitudinal Survey generalized hi- theft, auto- showed high degrees of conver- 1997 erarchical linear mobile theft, gence in all offending behavior when modeling fraud, assault, compared to White native-born and selling counterparts, including equivalent drugs risk and few significant differences in predictors of crime. Second-generation immigrants showed similarities in less serious offending when compared to their native-born Black and Hispanic counterparts. However, there was increased di- vergence in more serious offending behavior, including violent behavior and arrest, between second-gen- eration immigrants and their native-born Black and Hispanic counterparts. CUNY Institute for State & Local Governance 2 REFER- ENCE LEVEL OF DESCRIPTION OUTCOME(S) STUDY PERIOD ANALYSIS OF STUDY OF INTEREST FINDINGS Bersani BE, 2000-2010 Individuals—1,354 Study comparing Arrest reports First-generation immigrants are less Loughran serious adolescent the relationship and self-report- likely to be involved in serious of- TA, Piquero offenders (1,061 na- between first-/sec- ed offending fending behavior and do not persist AR. (2014). tive-born, and 293 ond-generation in offending behavior as long as na- first- or second-gen- and the frequency tive-born peers. eration immigrants) of self-reported of- in the longitudi- fending behavior Second-generation immigrants on nal Pathways to and arrest average had higher risk of persistent Desistance Study offending over the life course when from Maricopa more assimilated and living in more County, AZ and disadvantaged contexts. Philadelphia County, PA Bersani, B. E., 2000-2010 Individuals—1,354 Study using Self-reports High degree of correspondence & Piquero, A. serious adolescent descriptive, per- and official between self-reported arrest and of- R. (2017). offenders (and 293 mutation, and reports of ar- fending behavior and official reports first- or second-gen- hierarchical lin- rests across 22 of arrest within groups based on im- eration immigrants) ear model analyses offenses migrant generation. in the longitudi- exploring wheth- nal Pathways to er foreign-born First generation immigrant youth Desistance Study immigrants’ lower displayed lower levels of offending, from Maricopa levels of criminal both in self-reported data and official County, AZ and involvement is arrest records. Philadelphia the result of dif- There was no evidence of systemat- County, PA ferential crime ic crime reporting biases, or over or reporting practices under-reporting behavior, across im- between immi- migrant generations. grants and U.S. natives Bucher, J., 2004 Individuals— in- Descriptive study Self-reported Over half of migrant workers report- Manasse, M., terviews of a exploring rates crime ed being the victims of theft (57%), & Tarasawa, convenience-based of victimization victimization about one in 6 were the victim of B. (2010). sample of 90 among undoc- robbery (16%), and one in ten (10%) undocumented im- umented male were the victim of a violent attack. migrant workers in migrant workers. Memphis, TN Crimes were only reported in one-quarter of cases (24%) and were only reported by the victim in one instance (the rest were by someone else, such as a supervisor/landlord). Victimization was most common among recent immigrants. Immigration and Crime: A Public Policy Red Herring 3 REFER- ENCE LEVEL OF DESCRIPTION OUTCOME(S) STUDY PERIOD ANALYSIS OF STUDY OF INTEREST FINDINGS Bui, H. N. 1994-1996 Individuals—12,868 Longitudinal study Self-reporting Higher immigrant generations (e.g., (2008). adolescents (in- on the associa- delinquent second- or third-generation) are as- cluding 962 tion between first/ behavior sociated with higher delinquency first-generation and second generation rates for some offenses among racial, 1,952 second-gen- status and self-re- ethnic and gender subgroups. eration) from the ported delinquent first two waves behavior of immi- of the National grant youth. Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health Chalfin, A. 1986-2004 46 MSAs Instrumental Index, violent, No significant relationship between (2014). variable analysis and property immigration and violent or property exploring the ef- crimes (UCR) crime rates in the included U.S. cit- fect of Mexican ies, with the exception of an increase immigration to the in the rate of assault. U.S. on crime rates (UCR data), using rainfall shocks as an instrumental variable on the ba- sis that very high or very low lev- els of rainfall in Mexico are likely to drive immigra- tion to the U.S. Chalfin, A. 1980-2000 92 MSAs with a suf- Network instru- Indexed Immigration suggests a protective ef- (2015). ficient presence ment analysis crimes from fect on several crime types—a 1% of Mexican immi- exploring the ef- National Crime increase in the immigrant share grants for reliable fect of Mexican Victimization leads to a 13% reduction in rape, an estimation immigration rates Survey (NCVS) 11% reduction in larceny, and a 15% (U.S. Census data) data reduction in motor vehicle theft. on crimes report- ed to the police (NCVS data), using Mexican fertility rates as an instru- ment (Mexican immigrant share from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography) CUNY Institute for State & Local Governance 4 REFER- ENCE LEVEL OF DESCRIPTION OUTCOME(S) STUDY PERIOD ANALYSIS OF STUDY OF INTEREST FINDINGS Chalfin, A., 2001-2009 Arizona after pas- Synthetic con- Index crimes, Violent crime fell 10% following the & Deza, M. sage of LAWA and trol analysis of violent crimes, implementation of LAWA and prop- (2020). 45 comparison the effect of Legal and property erty crime fell 20%. states that did not Arizona Workers crimes (UCR) pass comprehensive Act (LAWA) on There were large declines in the pop- E-Verify laws appli- crime rates. The ulation foreign-born Mexican males, cable