Canadian Data Governance Standardization Roadmap b Canadian Data Governance Standardization Roadmap Table of contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. 2 Message from the Co-Chairs of the Data Governance Standardization Collaborative .............................................................................................. 3 Message from the CEO, Standards Council of Canada .................................................. 4 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ 5 How to Use this Report ............................................................................................................7 About Standards and Conformity Assessment ..................................................................................7 About the Collaborative ................................................................................................................................... 8 Reading the Roadmap ..................................................................................................................................... 8 Standardization and Data Governance in Canada ..........................................................10 State of Play ........................................................................................................................................................10 Tackling the Challenges and Identifying the Opportunities ........................................................13 Use Cases: Setting the Context for Data Governance in Canada ............................................14 Learnings from the Use cases ....................................................................................................................15 Indigenous Data Sovereignty .......................................................................................................................19 Issues and Recommendations .............................................................................................21 Identification of Key Issues ..........................................................................................................................21 Recommendations ...........................................................................................................................................24 Working Group 1: Foundations of Data Governance ......................................................................24 Working Group 2: Data Collection, Organization, and Grading .................................................27 Working Group 3: Data Access, Sharing, and Retention ............................................................. 30 Working Group 4: Data Analytics, Solutions, and Commercialization ................................... 33 Next Steps ................................................................................................................................36 Standardization in Action ..............................................................................................................................37 Annex A — Gap Analysis of Standards and Specifications .........................................38 Annex B — List of Tier 1 Published Standards and Related Materials for Key Issues ........................................................................................ 75 Annex C — Indigenous Engagement on the DGSC ...................................................... 156 Annex D — Use Cases ......................................................................................................... 196 Annex E — DGSC Membership List ..................................................................................252 1 Annex F — Glossary of Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................267 Annex G — Methodology for Developing the DGSC Standards Landscape ......... 269 Annex H — Overview of SDOs and other Entities Operating in the Data Governance Space ......................................................................274 Annex I — The DGSC Standardization Landscape ...................................................... 280 Standards Council of Canada Acknowledgements Sincere thanks are extended to all of the individuals and organizations (see Annex E) who provided technical input and/or other support associated with the development of this Roadmap. It is because of their investment, involvement and contributions over the last year that this document has been made possible. The Roadmap is based on a consensus of those who actively participated in its development and does not necessarily reflect the views of the individuals or organizations who participated in its development. Also, a sincere thanks to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and in particular Jim McCabe, ANSI, Senior Director of Standards Facilitation at ANSI. The roadmap is based on the methodology and mechanisms established by ANSI over the last 15 years. For more information on ANSI’s Standardization Collaboratives, please visit their web site: https://www.ansi.org/standards- coordination/coordination-us-system 2 Funding for this initiative was provided by the Standards Council of Canada in support of Canada’s Innovation and Skills Plan to work directly with Canadian innovators to help them leverage the standardization system for their economic growth and competitiveness. Canadian Data Governance Standardization Roadmap Message from the Co-Chairs of the Data Governance Standardization Collaborative The Data Governance Standardization Collaborative was established in 2019 as one of the first deliverables that followed the launch of Canada’s Digital Charter. When we convened the Collaborative, we challenged ourselves to build a standardization roadmap by the end of 2020. Little did we know how much would change around the world — and how quickly standards would reveal themselves to be the bridge we’d need to help us get to the other side of this global crisis. The challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic have accelerated fundamental shifts in our society and economy. We live in a world where data come from more sources than ever and move continuously in all directions. And that’s why establishing a common language for data-sharing is a critical task. Standards are essential for collaboration. They are the bridges we use to communicate ideas between individuals, across sectors and nations, even across time. Standards also accelerate innovation. They do the heavy lifting of integrating data and maintaining interoperability of systems, which leaves innovators free to focus on discovery and invention. Standards have been recognized as agile methods of adapting principles-based law to particular sectors and technologies, and as tools to promote future compliance efforts. We’ve seen a remarkable example of standards in action in the pandemic. Standards are what enabled the unprecedented level of data-sharing around the world that led scientists to develop vaccines against COVID-19 in record time. The Collaborative has been working hard to find areas of potential collaboration and innovation over the past year. Our working groups convened virtually on case studies that serve as pragmatic examples of the key issues facing data governance today. One study examined data weaknesses in our health-care system. A second took on Consumer-Directed Finance, or “open banking” as it’s commonly known. A third looked at how our food gets to our table as the global food supply chain undergoes a digital transformation. We’re grateful to the working groups for all the time and thought they put into mapping the standardization landscape. They triaged hundreds of standardization issues down to the thirty-five recommendations you’ll find in this initial roadmap. In order to move these recommendations forward, the next piece of the bridge we need to build is its foundation. Trust in the digital economy will be essential to protect the health, safety and well-being of Canadians. Our Collaborative will continue to engage with policy makers on ways to promote public trust and safeguard Canadians’ privacy and security as we work on data-governance issues. We want to thank our members for collaborating, for trusting each other, and for committing to carry our work forward for the benefit of all Canadians. We also want to express our appreciation for the support and guidance of our founder, the Standards Council of Canada. 3 Anil Arora, Chief Statistician of Canada Philip Dawson, Senior Policy Counsel, Responsible AI Institute Standards Council of Canada Message from the CEO, Standards Council of Canada The handling and management of data impact the long-term health, well-being and prosperity of Canadians. We have a tremendous opportunity to leverage and use data better in our society to drive growth and keep Canadians safe. Canada’s Digital Charter identifies standardization as a tool to support innovation and ensure Canadian companies remain competitive globally. The Standards Council of Canada (SCC) established the Canadian Data Governance Standardization Collaborative to coordinate data governance standardization strategies across Canada. We set an ambitious workplan. Over the past year, we have collaborated with more than 220 Canadians across government, industry, civil society, Indigenous organizations, academia and standards development organizations to take a hard look at Canada’s data