Study of Disability in EC Development Cooperation EUROPEAN COMMISSION Study of Disability in EC Development Cooperation November 2010 This project is funded by A project implemented by the European Union SOGES S.p.A. 1 Study of Disability in EC Development Cooperation FRAMEWORK CONTRACT COMMISSION 2007 Lot nr 4 Contract Nr 2009/212558 Consultants: Peter Coleridge Claude Simonnot Dominique Steverlynck The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the consultants and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. 2 Study of Disability in EC Development Cooperation ‘A society which is good for disabled people is a better society for all.’1 1 Dr Lisa Kauppinen, President of World Federation of the Deaf, at the closing of the Copenhagen Summit, 2009. 3 Study of Disability in EC Development Cooperation Note on layout The layout of the document conforms to guidelines for accessibility and ease of reading, which require a sans-serif font and left (not full) justification of the text. 4 Study of Disability in EC Development Cooperation Table of contents Acknowledgements .............................................................................................. 8 Acronyms ............................................................................................................. 9 Executive Summary..............................................................................................11 Introduction ........................................................................................................17 1. Why this study?....................................................................................................18 2. Objectives, audience and expected outcomes....................................................19 3. Structure of the report.........................................................................................20 4. Principles of the report ........................................................................................20 5. Methodology........................................................................................................21 PART 1: Background to disability and development..............................................22 1. Who is disabled?..................................................................................................23 2. How many people are disabled? .........................................................................26 3. Different ways of understanding disability..........................................................28 3.1 The charity model..................................................................................................... 28 3.2 The medical model ................................................................................................... 29 3.3 The social model....................................................................................................... 29 3.4 The human rights model........................................................................................... 30 4. Why is disability a development issue?...............................................................32 5. Disability and the Millennium Development Goals.............................................37 6. Gender and disability...........................................................................................39 7. The disabled people’s movement........................................................................40 8. Prevention............................................................................................................42 9. Approaches, strategies and activities in disability and development programming ...........................................................................................................43 9.1 Mainstreaming – what is it? ..................................................................................... 44 9.2 Specific targeted programmes.................................................................................. 46 9.3 The twin track approach........................................................................................... 47 9.4 Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) ................................................................... 48 Case Study 1: Comprehensive CBR in Tanzania (CCBRT) ........................................... 50 Part 2: The international and EU legal and political framework............................53 1. Introduction .........................................................................................................54 2. The basic elements of the human rights system .................................................54 3. The main legal and policy base for the EU’s approach to disability and development............................................................................................................55 3.1 The most relevant European and international instruments................................... 55 3.2 The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD).......................... 57 3.3 The external action component of the European Disability Strategy 2010-2020 .... 60 Part 3: Major actors and stakeholders in the field of development and disability.62 1. Introduction .........................................................................................................63 2. Multilateral cooperation......................................................................................63 2.1 The United Nations................................................................................................... 63 2.2 Development Banks.................................................................................................. 68 3. Bilateral cooperation ..........................................................................................69 3.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................. 69 3.2 Examples of good practice........................................................................................ 69 4. Important alliances and fora on disability ...........................................................72 5 Study of Disability in EC Development Cooperation Part 4: Disability in EC development cooperation ................................................75 1. Introduction .........................................................................................................76 2. The EU's policy environment regarding disability and development..................76 3. The EU's political stance on disability issues in international fora and political dialogue....................................................................................................................77 4. Financial instruments in EU development cooperation relevant to disability....79 5. The EC’s record in implementing the twin-track approach.................................81 6. Bilateral cooperation with partner countries......................................................82 7. The EC's partnership with NGOs and DPOs .........................................................84 Case Study 2: Cambodia - Mainstreaming ................................................................ 85 8. Disability in emergencies and humanitarian aid (ECHO).....................................86 9. Institutional arrangements to deal with disability and development.................88 10. Conclusions ........................................................................................................89 Part 5: Recommendations ..................................................................................91 1. Introduction .........................................................................................................92 2. Recommendations at the political level ..............................................................93 3. Recommendations for the implementation of development cooperation.........93 3.1 Include disability in sector policy dialogues ............................................................. 94 3.2 Conduct a disability analysis during the programming phase.................................. 94 3.3 Include disability considerations in monitoring mechanisms (e.g. donor coordination groups, joint assessments activities, etc.)................................................. 94 3.4 Support partner governments to adopt and implement the CPRD.......................... 94 3.5 Support research and documentation in the field of disability................................ 95 3.6 Support NGOs and DPOs to enhance their advocacy skills ...................................... 95 3.7 Include the private sector in programming.............................................................. 95 4. Recommendations at organisational level ..........................................................95 4.1 Adopt a policy paper regarding disability................................................................. 96 4.2 Issue guidelines on how to make EC development activities disability inclusive..... 96 4.3 Introduce disability markers in all internal templates used throughout the PCM... 96 4.4 Introduce specific and mainstreaming training activities......................................... 97 4.5 Provide best-practice and exchange of information opportunities ......................... 97 4.6 Reinforce the Network of the Disability Contact Persons network (in Headquarters and Delegations)............................................................................................................