Arachnol. Mitt. 37: 15-26 Nürnberg, Juli 2009 Hygropetric and litter-inhabiting spiders (Araneae) from the Abruzzo Apennines (Central Italy) Marco Isaia, Giuseppe Osella & Giovanna Pannunzio Abstract: We present the results of a study of spider material extracted by means of Berlese apparatus from wet mosses and by litter sieving in broadleaf woods within several natural reserves of the Abruzzo region (Central Italy). The main aim of the work is to contribute to the knowledge of the spider fauna of the Apen- nines; currently one of the lesser known in Italy. In total, 520 spiders, belonging to 49 species and 14 families were collected. The most abundant and diverse family was Linyphiidae, with 278 individuals belonging to 22 species. Altogether we provide 28 new records for the Abruzzo region, including two species of Theridiidae, twenty of Linyphiidae, four of Hahniidae and two of Thomisidae. We also present additional unpublished records of several rare, litter-inhabiting species collected by litter sieving in the same area. Data on habitat preferences and details on the Italian distribution of the rarest species are presented. Key words: Berlese apparatus, Dysderidae, Linyphiidae, litter sieving, National Park of Gran Sasso, National Park of Monti della Laga, regional fauna Hygropetric habitats become established on rocky published records of several rare, litter-inhabiting or soil surfaces, with thin water films moving down species collected by litter sieving in the same area, in a mostly laminar flow. This habitat is colonised including details on their Italian distribution and mainly by bryophytes (mosses and peat-mosses) habitat preference. and often harbours unique assemblages of arthro- pods, characterised by endemic or rare species. Material and Methods Hygropetric communities have received very little We performed 50 samplings of wet mosses over an attention, both from an ecological and faunistic area that encompasses the Gran Sasso and Monti point of view, especially concerning spiders. We della Laga National Park (27 sites), Abruzzo, Lazio present the results of material sampled within the and Molise National Park of (2 sites), Sirente-Ve- framework of a comprehensive study program on lino Regional Park (3 sites), springs of the Pescara the Apenninic fauna, in which particular attention river Natural Reserve (1 site), Zompo Lo Schioppo was given to hygropetric habitats. Natural Reserve (1 site), springs of the Vera river The main aims of the present work are to Natural Reserve (2 sites), Simbruini Mountains characterise the hygropetric spider assemblages, SCI (1 site) and Pantano Zittola SCI (2 sites). The focusing on both petrimadicolous habitats, develo- remaining 11 samples were performed in similar ping on rocky surfaces, and limimadicolous ones, habitats close to the natural reserves. Most of the developing on the soil surface, and to contribute to sites (47) are located in Abruzzo, only three of the knowledge of the spider fauna of the Apennines; them are located outside the border of the region, currently one of the lesser known in Italy (PESARINI in Molise (two sites at Pantano Zittola SCI) and 1995, ISAIA 2003). We also present additional un- one in Lazio (Alvito, Valle di Rio). Details on sampling sites are listed in Tab. 2. Samplings were Marco ISAIA: Lab. di Ecologia - Ecosistemi terrestri, Dipartimento done mostly in winter or spring between 1993 and di Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo, Università di Torino. Via Accademia Albertina, 13 – 10123 Torino, IT. 2002, however most samples were performed in E-Mail: [email protected] the same seasons in 2003 and 2004. On the basis Giuseppe OSELLA: Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università of the most distinctive features of the habitat, we dell'Aquila. Via Vetoio, 1 – 67010 Coppito, L’Aquila, IT. E-Mail: [email protected] sorted the sampling sites into two groups: limi- Giovanna PANNUNZIO: Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, madicolous (13) and petrimadicolous (37). In the Università dell'Aquila. Via Vetoio, 1 – 67010 Coppito, L’Aquila, IT. case of limimadicolous habitats, mosses develop E-Mail: [email protected] directly on the soil. They are generally shaded by eingereicht: 14.10.2008, akzeptiert: 31.3.2009 riparian vegetation and kept humid by spray from 16 M. Isaia, G. Osella & G. Pannunzio small waterfalls. According to Vaillant’s definition Tab. 1: List of the identified species of mosses. Nomen- (VAILLANT 1956) petrimadicolous habitats deve- clature follows ALEFFI et al. (2008) lops on rocky substrates, with a subtle film of water HEPATICAE running on the rock surface. PELLIACEAE Mosses were identified to genus or species level Pellia endiviifolia (Dicks.) Dumort. (Tab. 1). Nomenclature follows ALEFFI et al. (2008). For the limimadicolous habitat we identified: Bryum MUSCI cf. schleicheri, B. pseudotriquetum, Cirriphyllum crassi- POTTIACEAE nervium, Cratoneuron decipiens, Ctenidium molluscum Barbula sp. (Eucladium verticillatum and Neckera complanata. The Didymodon sp. petrimadicolous sites were characterized by Barbula Eucladium verticillatum (With.) Bruch & Schimp. sp., Brachythecium sp., Didymodon sp., Hymenostili- Hymenostylium recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Dixon um sp., Orthothecium rufescens, Pellia endiviaefolia, Plagiomnium ellipticum, P. undulatum, Rhynchoste- BRYACEAE gium megapolitanum, R. murale and R. riparioides. Ptychostomum pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) J.R. Spence Cratoneuron commutatum, C. filicinum, Eucladium & H.P. Ramsay verticillatum and Brachythecium sp. were present in Bryum cf. schleicheri DC. both habitats. Spiders were extracted from wet mos- Bryum sp. ses, both limimadicolous and petrimadicolous, by means of Berlese apparatus. For sample collection PLAGIOMNIACEAE we used jute bags. Plagiomnium ellipticum (Brid.) T.J. Kop. Furthermore, in order to improve the study and Plagiomnium undulatum (Hedw.) T.J. Kop. provide additional data on litter-inhabiting spiders, Plagiomnium sp. we performed several more samplings by litter NECKERACEAE sieving in the same area. Details on litter sieving Neckera complanata (Hedw.) Huebener samplings are listed in the text. Specimens were identified to species level, with AMBLYSTEGIACEAE the exception of juveniles, which we identified at Palustriella commutata (Hedw) Ochyra genus or family level whenever possible. Material Palustriella decipiens (De Not.) Ochyra is stored in ethanol 70% in Isaia’s collection, at the Cratoneuron filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell’Uomo, BRACHYTHECIACEAE Università di Torino. Two legs of each Parachtes specimens have been stored at the cryo-collec- Brachythecium rivulare Schimp. tion facility at the CRBA (Centre de Recursos de Brachythecium sp. Biodiversitat Animal, Universitat de Barcelona) for Cirriphyllum crassinervium (Taylor) Loeske future molecular analyses. & M. Fleisch. Rhynchostegium megapolitanum (Blandow Results and Discussion ex F. Weber & D. Mohr) Schimp. In total, 494 spiders, belonging to 38 species, Rhynchostegium murale (Hedw.) Schimp. 36 genera and 14 families were extracted from Platyhypnidium riparioides (Hedw.) Dixon wet mosses (Tab. 3). At limimadicolous sites (13 HYPNACEAE samplings) we collected 100 spiders, belonging to Ctenidium molluscum (Hedw.) Mitt. 11 families and 21 species. Petrimadicolous sites (37 samplings) accounted for 394 spiders, belong- PLAGIOTHECIACEAE ing to 11 families and 29 species (Tab. 2 and 3). Orthothecium rufescens (Dicks. ex Brid.) Schimp. Since they were earliest instars, 94 spiders (24%) from petrimadicolous sites, were not identifiable, even at family level. Four species (Robertus lividus, Pardosa, Pirata and Xysticus were found in both Caracladus leberti, Diplocephalus arnoi and Antistea habitats. By litter sieving in the same area we col- elegans) out of 38 and juveniles belonging to the lected 26 more spiders, belonging to 11 species 10 genera Lepthyphantes s.l., Parachtes, Cryphoeca, genera and 5 families. Spiders from the Abruzzo Apennines 17 A few comments on the most representative litter sieving in mixed broadleaf wood, 880 m, 42°29’N species are drawn below. Nomenclature and family – 13°39’E, 3.III.2002, leg. Marotta, Matin, Libareti: 1 order follows PLATNICK (2008). (CRBALB000318); Abruzzo, Assergi (AQ), Fonte Cerreto, Loc. Macchia Grande, National Park of Gran Sasso and Monti della Dysderidae Laga, litter sieving in oak wood, 1150 m, 42°24’N Two females of Parachtes siculus (Fig. 1) have been – 13°30’, 7.V.2002 leg. Marotta and Zampetta: 2 extracted from wet mosses at petrimadicolous sites. (CRBALB000325, CRBALB000326), 2 (CR- The identification of females in Dysderidae requires BALB000323, CRBALB000324); care and experience and in some cases remains Abruzzo, Leofara (TE), National Park of Gran Sasso and doubtful. Two females have been identified thanks Monti della Laga, litter sieving in mixed chestnut wood, to the collecting activities, approximately in the 1100 m, 42°45’N – 13°33’E, 7.IV.2003, leg. Osella: 1 same area, of several males of P. siculus (Fig. 2) by (CRBALB000319); litter sieving (see additional unpublished records Abruzzo, Capestrano (TE), Forca di Penna, National Park of Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga, litter sieving below). Furthermore, BRIGNOLI (1975) recorded in ilex wood, 800 m, 42°44’N – 13°32’E, 12.X.2001, this species in Val Fondillo (Pescasseroli, 20 km leg. Marotta and Di Gaetano: 1. from our sample). According to our records and to the literature (ALICATA 1964, BRIGNOLI 1975), P. siculus shows a quite wide distribution in Central and Southern Italy