Petition to Initiate Rulemaking to Amend OAR 635-050-0070 to Permanently Close Commercial and Recreational Beaver Trapping and Hunting on Federally-Managed Public Lands and the Waters that Flows Through These Lands Brought before the Oregon Fish and Game Commission on September 10, 2020 Beaver ponds provide an “emerald refuge” in a landscape burned by the Sharps Fire, Idaho. Photo: Joe Wheaton https://www.sagegrouseinitiative.com/beavers-water-and-fire-a-new-formula-for-success/ Table of Contents I. PETITIONERS ........................................................................................................................4 II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.....................................................................................................5 III. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................8 IV. LEGAL GROUNDS FOR PETITION ................................................................................. 12 V. AMERICAN BEAVER ........................................................................................................ 13 A. Biology ...................................................................................................................................... 13 B. Population Status ....................................................................................................................... 15 Trapping/Hunting Impacts on Beaver Populations ....................................................... 15 Beaver Response to Trapping and Hunting Closures .................................................... 17 Petitioners Respond to ODFW’s Population Statements ............................................... 19 Impacts of Compensatory vs Additive Harvest Mortality Ignored .................................. 20 Population Data Lacking ............................................................................................... 20 Harvest Percent of Population Unknown........................................................................ 21 Catch-per-Unit-Effort (CPUE) Method Unusable as Measure of Population Stability .... 21 C. Habitat Availability .................................................................................................................... 21 Abundant Unoccupied and Suitable Habitat Exists ....................................................... 22 ODFW Aquatic Habitat Inventories (AHI): Coast Range Streams .................................. 22 Beaver Restoration Assessment Tool (BRAT): North Fork Burnt River watershed and John Day Basin.............................................................................................................. 23 Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 25 Petitioners Respond to ODFW’s Limited Habitat Availability Statements .................. 25 County-Reported-Take Data Not a Measure of Available Habitat .................................. 25 Early Seral Habitat Not Required ................................................................................... 27 Eighteen Acres of Willows per Year Not Required ........................................................ 28 D. Historic and Existing Closures ................................................................................................... 32 Closure History of Beaver Trapping and Hunting in Oregon ....................................... 32 Criteria for Effective Closures ........................................................................................ 34 Assessing ODFW Closure Language .............................................................................. 34 Rule Language Ambiguous and Ineffective.................................................................... 34 Rule Language Out-of-Date with Respect to Private Land Closures ............................... 35 Assessing ODFW Closures for Effectiveness .................................................................. 35 Effective ODFW Closures ............................................................................................. 35 Ineffective ODFW Closures........................................................................................... 36 Petitioners Respond to ODFW’s Closure Misrepresentations....................................... 37 2 Closures and Beavers at Risk on Public Lands Grazing Allotments due to Incorrect Statement in ODFW Publication .................................................................................... 37 ODFW Inflates Closure Sizes in Furbearer Regulations Proposal’s Table 2 ................... 38 E. Economic Benefits of Amending the Rule.................................................................................... 39 F. Social Benefits of Amending the Rule ......................................................................................... 41 G. Additional Benefits of Amending the Rule ................................................................................... 43 Meets the Standards of the Climate and Ocean Change Policy ....................................... 43 Contributes to the Recovery of Threatened and Endangered Salmon .............................. 44 Addresses Oregon Conservation Strategy ...................................................................... 48 Complies with ORS 496.012: Oregon’s Wildlife Policy................................................. 53 H. Inadequacy of Existing Regulatory Rule ..................................................................................... 55 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................... 60 I. Oregonians and Beavers: Conflicts and Resolution .................................................................... 60 VI. RULEMAKING REQUEST ............................................................................................... 63 VII. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................. 66 VIII. LITERATURE CITED .................................................................................................. 66 IX. APPENDICES ................................................................................................................. 66 APPENDIX A: Maps Showing Areas Open and Closed Under Existing Rule and Proposed Amendment ...................................................................................................................................... 66 APPENDIX B-1: Studies Related to Beavers and Beaver-Generated Benefits. Studies From 1924 To 2020 .................................................................................................................................................. 66 APPENDIX B-2: ODFW Publications Relevant to the Petition ....................................................... 66 APPENDIX C: Strategic Species Listed in the Oregon Conservation Strategy that rely on Beaver- Created Habitat ................................................................................................................................ 67 APPENDIX D-1: A Case Study in Photos Showing the Magnitude and Speed of Beaver-Related Water and Habitat Changes on Bridge Creek, Wheeler County, Oregon ......................................... 67 APPENDIX D-2: A Case Study in Photos Showing the Magnitude and Speed of Beaver-Related Water and Habitat Changes on Susie Creek, Elko County, Nevada ................................................. 67 APPENDIX E: Maps Showing Specific Areas Open Under Existing Rule to Address Lack of Closure Effectiveness ....................................................................................................................... 67 APPENDIX F: Economics of Beaver-created Habitat ..................................................................... 67 APPENDIX G. Beaver Contributions and Importance in Photos ..................................................... 67 3 BEFORE THE OREGON DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND WILDLIFE Petition to Initiate Rulemaking to Amend OAR 635-050-0070 to Permanently Close Commercial and Recreational Beaver Trapping and Hunting on Federally-Managed Public Lands and the Waters that Flows Through These Lands. I. PETITIONERS Suzanne Fouty, Ph.D. Hydrologist/Soils Specialist Nick Cady Legal Director Cascadia Wildlands Quinn Read Oregon Policy Director Center for Biological Diversity Sristi Kamal Senior Northwest Representative Defenders of Wildlife 4 Wally Sykes Co-Founder Northeast Oregon Ecosystems David A. Moskowitz Executive Director The Conservation Angler John DeVoe Executive Director WaterWatch of Oregon Paul Engelmeyer Land Manager Wetlands Conservancy Stanley Petrowski Restoration Committee Chair and Board member Umpqua Watersheds Bob Sallinger Conservation Director Portland Audubon Society II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Oregon’s existing wildlife laws categorize beavers variously as a rodent, a predatory ani- mal, a nuisance animal, or furbearer. No mention is made that they are a keystone species and ecosystem engineer with the potential to bring large economic, ecological, and social benefits to Oregon and its fish and wildlife. Nor is any mention made of their ability to help Oregonians pre- pare for climate change or take a proactive approach towards addressing climate change, drought, wildfire, threatened and endangered salmon, and declining fish and wildlife as habitat quality and abundance shrinks.