For the first time, this volume brings together experts in the fields of criminology, Anna-Maria Getoš Kalac The Max Planck Partner Group for Balkan Criminology (MPPG) is a criminal law and criminal justice from across the Balkans, to discuss the state of the Zagreb-based research division jointly established by the Max Planck art of criminology and current crime trends in a region that has thus far largely been Hans-Jörg Albrecht Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law in Freiburg (MPI) and the University of Zagreb’s Faculty of Law. It is headed by neglected by European criminological research. Michael Kilchling (eds.) Assist. Prof. Dr. Anna-Maria Getoš Kalac. The MPPG promotes, The first chapter analytically describes and defines the Balkan region, not only as a conducts and facilitates scientific research in the field of criminology unique historical region, but also as a religious and legal territory, as well as a region and criminal justice and hosts the Balkan Criminology Network. of migration and violence and a criminological region sui generis. These facts are Mapping the Criminological The MPPG’s current research programme focuses on three main used to explore and promote the likely benefits of a coherent regional criminological research areas, specifically targeting criminal phenomena that are of particular relevance to the Balkan region, or that may threaten its research approach – with the long-term goal of creating a sustainable ‘criminological Landscape of the Balkans future security and stability: I. Violence, Organized Crime and Illegal landscape’. Contributions from all members of the Balkan Criminology Network Markets; II. Feelings and Perceptions of (In)Security and Crime; III. – Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, A Survey on Criminology and Crime with an International Sentencing. Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia and Turkey – then provide an Research Series of the Max Planck The MPPG’s main goals are to foster criminological research on in-depth overview of facts and background information about criminological education Expedition into the Criminal Landscape of the Institute for Foreign and International Balkan-relevant topics including the dissemination of findings to the Assist. Prof. Dr. Anna-Maria Getoš Kalac heads the Max and research and data about crime, general crime trends, and current crime and criminal Balkans Criminal Law broader scientific community, capacity building for young academics Planck Partner Group for Balkan Criminology and lectures justice challenges. The final chapter presents selected research projects from the actual from the region through training and PhD research, creation of a at the University of Zagreb’s Faculty of Law. Her interest Publications of the Max Planck sustainable network of criminological experts throughout the research agenda of the Max Planck Partner Group for Balkan Criminology (MPPG). Partner Group for Balkan Criminology in the Balkans started in 2001 with research into terrorism Edited by Hans-Jörg Albrecht Balkans, and positioning Balkan Criminology in the European and political violence, which then evolved into related This selection makes the book an essential reader for anyone interested in the current & Anna-Maria Getoš Kalac research area and beyond. The Balkan Criminology publication areas such as organized crime, illegal markets, general criminological setting of the Balkans and an excellent starting point for regional or series provides a forum for the presentation of the MPPG’s scientific violence research and security perception and questions country specific crime research. Volume BC 1 output; it also connects the research potential present in the Balkans concerning how to interconnect the criminological research with the research agenda of the MPI, thereby ensuring cutting edge potential of the region. She heads several international “This volume marks the beginning of a new publication series of the Max Planck criminological research of the highest quality. research projects in Croatia and has published in English, Partner Group for Balkan Criminology. It provides an informative overview of the German and Croatian, but also Spanish and Italian, on state of the art of criminology across the Balkan region. [...] The multitude of crimi- terrorism, hate crimes, political violence, Croatian crimi- nology, organized crime and fear of crime. nological aspects successfully covered in this first volume cannot help but leave one curious about the scientific papers, research results and meetings yet to come.” Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Hans-Jörg Albrecht is Director of the Max Prof. Dr. Helmut Kury, Freiburg i.Br. Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law, Freiburg, and heads the Department of Criminology. “A masterpiece, […] showing pathways for a solid and fruitful further development His research interests span the breadth of modern legal of criminology in the Balkans.” and criminological discourse, ranging from topics such as sentencing theory, juvenile crime and justice, illegal drug Prof. Dr. Hans-Jürgen Kerner, former President of ISC and ESC, policy, and environmental and organized crime to evaluative Emeritus Director of the Institute of Criminology, University of Tübingen research on the role of criminal justice in transitional legal systems. He has authored, co-authored, and edited numerous works, including volumes on sentencing, day-fines, re- ISBN 978-3-86113-248-6 (Max Planck Institute) cidivism, child abuse and neglect, drug policies, and ISBN 978-3-428-14494-5 (Duncker & Humblot) Anna-Maria Getoš Kalac, Hans-Jörg Albrecht, Michael Kilchling (eds.) Mapping the Criminological Landscape of Balkans victimisation. ISBN 978-953-270-085-5 (Zagreb Faculty of Law) BC 1 114471_MPI_BC_1_Kalac_Albrecht_v1.indd 1 23.06.15 15:01 Anna-Maria Getoš Kalac Hans-Jörg Albrecht Michael Kilchling (eds.) Mapping the Criminological Landscape of the Balkans A Survey on Criminology and Crime with an Expedition into the Criminal Landscape of the Balkans Research Series of the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law Publications of the Max Planck Partner Group for Balkan Criminology Edited by Hans-Jörg Albrecht & Anna-Maria Getoš Kalac Volume BC 1 Anna-Maria Getoš Kalac Hans-Jörg Albrecht Michael Kilchling (eds.) Mapping the Criminological Landscape of the Balkans A Survey on Criminology and Crime with an Expedition into the Criminal Landscape of the Balkans Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de All rights reserved © 2014 Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science e.V. c/o Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law Günterstalstr. 73, 79100 Freiburg i.Br., Germany http://www.mpicc.de Sales and distribution together with Duncker & Humblot GmbH, Berlin, Germany http://www.duncker-humblot.de International review: Prof. Dr. Hans-Jürgen Kerner, Prof. Dr. Helmut Kury Cover picture: Thomas Breitner – map provided by the University of Texas Libraries Printing: Stückle Druck und Verlag, Stücklestr. 1, 77955 Ettenheim, Germany Printed in Germany ISSN 2199-658X ISBN 978-3-86113-248-6 (Max Planck Institute) ISBN 978-3-428-14494-5 (Duncker & Humblot) ISBN 978-953-270-085-5 (Zagreb Faculty of Law) Foreword The book at hands on ‘Mapping the Criminological Landscape of the Balkans’ is the first volume opening the new ‘Balkan Criminology’ publication series of the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law in Freiburg (MPI) and the University of Zagreb’s Faculty of Law. The publication series will regularly publish research findings of the Max Planck Partner Group for Balkan Criminology (MPPG) – a joint venture between the MPI and the University of Zagreb’s Faculty of Law. The topics to be addressed in this new publication series broaden the scope of the research programme of MPI’s Department of Criminology, in particular the re­ search focal points III. and V. on ‘Homeland Security, Organized Crime, and Terror­ ism – Societal Perceptions and Reactions’ and ‘The Development of Criminal Policy and the Rule of Law in Transitional Societies’, by combining them with the research focuses of the MPPG on I. Violence, Organized Crime and Illegal Markets; II. Feel­ ings and Perceptions of (In)Security and Crime; and III. International Sentencing. The publication series shall provide an adequate forum for discussing crime and criminal justice issues that can best be captured with the term ‘Balkan Criminology’. This is not a general criminology for or on the Balkans, but rather a specialized Eu­ ropean criminology focusing on Balkan-relevant topics that have so far been largely neglected in terms of research and publication, especially when it comes to research originating from the region itself. Filling this gap should therefore not only advance the research setting in the Balkans, but also contribute to European and even interna­ tional criminology. The ‘Mapping of the Criminological Landscape of the Balkans’, by discovering the current situation regarding criminology and crime across the re­ gion, is a logical first step in introducing the new publication series, whereas in terms of research it provides a firm point of orientation for further ‘Expeditions into the Criminal Landscape of the Balkans’. The volume’s first part