DECEMBER 2014 SUPREME COURT OF CANADA 2014 Policy Maker of the Year Benjamin Perrin analyses the Court’s most significant rulings of the past 12 months Stanley Hartt examines the concept of ‘judge-made law’: is it fact or fiction? Also in this issue: Christian Leuprecht calls for a national discussion on how we can detain terrorist threats while still protecting civil liberties; Dwight Newman and Brian Lee Crowley on social licence, what it means, its limitations and its implications for resource development; Dwight Newman on whether governments should use legal tools to support development when facing continuing protests; and Brian Lee Crowley calls on middle powers to do more to defend liberal democratic values as the US takes a diminished role on the world stage. Published by the Macdonald-Laurier Institute Published by the Macdonald-Laurier Institute Brian Lee Crowley, Managing Director, [email protected] PublishedBrianJames Lee Anderson, byCrowley, the Macdonald-LaurierManaging Director, Editor, [email protected] Policy Institute James Anderson, Managing Editor, Inside Policy Contributing writers: Brian Lee Crowley, Managing Director, [email protected] James Anderson,Contributing Managing writers: Editor, Inside Policy ThomasThomas S. Axworthy S. Axworthy Tom FlanaganAndrew Griffith Audrey Laporte Benjamin PerrinMike Priaro Thomas S. Axworthy ContributingAndrew Griffith writers: Benjamin Perrin Donald Barry Chrystia Freeland Ian Lee Richard Remillard Donald Barry Stanley H. Hartt Mike Priaro Ken CoatesThomasDonald BarryS. Axworthy Guy Giorno StanleyAndrew H. HarttGriffithMeredith MacDonald MikeBenjamin Priaro Perrin Robin V. Sears Brian Lee CrowleyKen Coates Stephen GreenePaul KennedyJanice MacKinnon Colin RobertsonMunir Sheikh KenDonald Coates Barry PaulStanley Kennedy H. Hartt ColinMike Robertson Priaro Laura Dawson Andrew Griffith Linda Nazareth Alex Wilner Brian Lee Crowley Audrey Laporte Roger Robinson Elaine DepowBrian KenLee Crowley Coates Stanley H. HarttAudreyPaul LaporteKennedyDwight Newman RogerColin Robinson Robertson Jeremy Depow Carin Holroyd Geoff Norquay CarloBrianCarlo Dade Lee Dade Crowley AudreyIanIan Lee Laporte RobinRogerRobin V. Robinson Sears V. Sears Martha Hall Findlay Paul Kennedy Benjamin Perrin LauraLaura DawsonCarlo Dawson Dade JaniceJanice MacKinnonMacKinnonIan Lee MunirRobinMunir Sheikh V. Sheikh Sears PastGuy contributors: Giorno Mary-Jane Bennett,Linda Carolyn Nazareth Bennett, Massimo Bergamini,Alex Wilner Ken Boessenkool, Guy GiornoLaura Dawson LindaJanice Nazareth MacKinnon MunirAlex SheikhWilner Brian Bohunicky, Scott Brison, Derek Burney, Catherine Cano, Michael Chong , Dan Ciuriak, Scott Clark, Philip Cross, Stephen Greene Geoff Norquay StephenCeline GuyGreene Giorno Cooper, Andrew Davenport,GeoffLinda Peter NorquayNazareth DeVries, Brian Dijkema, AlexDon Wilner Drummond, John Duffy, Patrice Dutil, Joseph Fantino, Daniel Gagnier, Dean Karalekas, Tasha Kheiriddin, Stephen Greene Geoff Norquay Past contributors:Jeremy Mary-Jane Kinsman, Bennett, Steven Carolyn Langdon, Bennett, Brad Massimo Lavigne, Bergamini, Velma McColl,Ken Boessenkool, Ted Menzies, Brian Bohunicky,Robert P. Murphy, Scott Brison, PastDerek contributors: Burney, Catherine Mary-Jane Cano, Bennett,DanPeggy Ciuriak, Carolyn Nash, Scott Jeffrey Bennett,Clark, PhilipPhillips, Massimo Cross, John CelineBergamini, Thompson, Cooper, Ken Peter Gil Boessenkool, Troy,DeVries, Michael Don Brian Drummond, Watts. Bohunicky, John Scott Duffy, Brison, Past contributors: Mary-Jane Bennett, Carolyn Bennett, Massimo Bergamini, Ken Boessenkool, Brian Bohunicky, Scott Brison, Derek Burney,Patrice Dutil, Catherine Joseph Cano, Fantino, Dan Daniel Ciuriak, Gagnier, Scott Brad Clark, ProductionLavigne, Philip Tasha Cross, designer: Kheiriddin, Celine Renée Cooper, Jeremy Depocas Kinsman, Peter DeVries, Steven Langdon,Don Drummond, Velma McColl, John Duffy, Patrice Dutil,Derek Burney, Joseph CatherineFantino, Cano,DanielTed DanMenzies, Gagnier, Ciuriak, Robert Brad Scott P.Lavigne, Clark,Murphy, Philip Tasha Peggy Cross, Kheiriddin, Nash, Celine Gil Troy,Cooper, Jeremy Michael Peter Kinsman, DeVries,Watts. Steven Don Drummond,Langdon, Velma John Duffy,McColl, Patrice Dutil, Joseph Fantino, DanielCover Gagnier, photo: Brad P. Lavigne, Landreville, Tasha Courtesy Kheiriddin, Supreme Jeremy Kinsman,Court of StevenCanada Langdon, Velma McColl, Ted Menzies, Robert P. Murphy, Peggy Nash, Gil Troy, Michael Watts. The contributors to this Tedpublication Menzies, have Robert worked P. Murphy, independently Peggy Nash,and are Gil solely Troy, responsible Michael Watts.for the views presented here. The contributorsThe toopinions this publication are not necessarily have workedthose of independently the Macdonald-Laurier and are Institute,solely responsible its Directors for or the Supporters. views presented here. The contributors to this publication have worked independently and are solely responsible for the views presented here. The opinions are not necessarily those of the Macdonald-Laurier Institute, its Directors or Supporters. 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Inside Policy: 8 York Street, Suite 200, Ottawa ON, Canada K1N 5S6, PH; 613-482-8327 2 Inside Policy — The Magazine of The Macdonald-Laurier Institute Inside Policy: 8 York Street, Suite 200, Ottawa ON, Canada K1N 5S6, PH; 613-482-8327 2 Inside2 Inside Policy Policy – The — Magazine The Magazine of The of The Macdonald-Laurier Macdonald-Laurier Institute Institute insidepolicy2 [march].inddInside Policy 2 — The Magazine of The Macdonald-Laurier Institute 14-04-01 10:00 AM insidepolicy [march].indd 2 14-04-01 10:00 AM insidepolicy [march].indd 2 14-04-01 10:00 AM Editor’s message Contents n this year-end issue of Inside Policy, as a tribute 4 “Judge-made law”: judicial excess to the Supreme Court of Canada – the Macdon- or sore losers’ sour grapes? Stanley Hartt ald-Laurier Institute’s Policy Maker of the Year Ifor 2014 – the focus is on law and justice. (Note: 7 The Supreme Court of Canada: previous MLI Policy Makers of the Year were John Policy Maker of the Year Baird (2013) and Mark Carney (2012).) Benjamin Perrin Our feature piece is by UBC law professor and MLI 12 Be Careful What You Wish For: Why senior fellow Ben Perrin, who suggests one would be Some Versions of “Social Licence” are hard-pressed to find another actor in Canada who has had Unlicensed and May Be Anti-Social a greater impact on such a wide range of issues than the Dwight Newman Court has in the last year. In a recent study, Perrin examined ten of the Court’s most 18 When Demands for “Social Licence” significant rulings of the past year and found a series of landmark legal decisions that may Become an Attack on Democracy prove to be of enduring significance. The areas of law and policy that were implicated Brian Lee Crowley include: the appointment of justices to the court from Quebec; aboriginal title and 24 Innocence Lost: Making good on Peace, treaty rights; Internet privacy; prostitution; security certificates and the protection of Order and Good Governance intelligence services informants; undercover police operations; and sentencing. Christian Leuprecht Interestingly, Perrin found evidence that, even though six (now seven) of 25 Will governments use legal tools to sup- the nine justices have been appointed by Prime Minister Stephen Harper, this port development, or let small “stacking” of the Court has had no discernible effect on improving the government’s dissident groups prevail? prospects for favourable rulings. The federal government or its proxies had only one Dwight Newman clear “win” in ten decisions. What’s more, eight of the ten cases were decided by 26 What’s a middle power to do? Protecting consensus, revealing “a remarkably united institution with consensus decisions on what matters in a dangerous world these significant