V olume 67, Number 1 1970-2020 ISSN 0537-2429 January The Indian Police Journal -March 2020 Volume 67, Number 1 ISSN 0537-2429 January-March 2020 ‘Promoting Good Practices and Standards’ The Indian Police Journal Volume 67, Number 1 | January-March, 2020 Board of Reviewers 1. Shri R.K. Raghavan, IPS (Retd.) 13. Shri Ajay Kumar Jain Former Director, CBI Professor, Organisational Behaviour, 2. Shri P.M. Nair Management Development Institute, Chair Prof. TISS, Mumbai Gurugram 3. Shri Vijay Raghavan 14. Shri Balwinder Singh Prof. TISS, Mumbai Former Spl. Director, CBI Former Secretary, CVC 4. Shri N. Ramachandran President, Indian Police Foundation, 15. Shri Nandkumar Saravade New Delhi-110017 CEO, ReBIT & Former CEO, Data Security Council of India (DSCI) 5. Prof. (Dr.) Arvind Verma Dept. of Criminal Justice, 16. Shri M.L. Sharma Indiana University Bloomington, Former Spl. Director, CBI IN 47405 USA 17. Shri S. Balaji 6. Dr. Trinath Mishra, IPS (Retd.) Former Spl. DG, NIA Former Director, CBI 18. Prof. N. Balakrishnan Former DG, CISF & CRPF Hon. Professor 7. Prof. V.S. Mani Super Computer Education & Research Former Prof. JNU Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 8. Shri Rakesh Jaruhar Former Spl. DG, CRPF 19. Shri R.C. Arora DG(Retd.) Former Director (R&D), BPR&D 9. Dr. K. Salim Ali Former Spl. Director, CBI 20. Dr. Upneet Lalli Dy. Director, Institute of Correctional 10. Shri Sanjay Singh, IPS Administration, Chandigarh and ADG & IGP, CID, West Bengal Co-founder of SAFE 11. Dr. K.P.C. Gandhi 21. Shri B.K. Nagla Director of AP Forensic Science Lab Former Professor, MDU Rohtak 12. Dr. J.R. Gaur 22. Dr. A.K. Saxena Former Director, FSL, Shimla (H.P.) Former Professor, SVPNPA, Hyderabad Opinions/thoughts expressed in this journal do not reflect the policies or views of the Bureau of Police Research & Development, but of the individual contributors. Authors are solely responsible for the details and statements made in their articles. BPR&D reserves the right to delete/amend any paragraph or content. Website: www.bprd.gov.in 1970-2020 IPJ The Indian Police Journal Volume 67, Number 1 | January-March, 2020 Editorial Board Chief Patron Sh. V.S.K. Kaumudi, IPS, DG, BPR&D, MHA, New Delhi Editor-in-chief Sh. Santosh Mehra, IPS, ADG, BPR&D, MHA, New Delhi Managing Editor Sh. Vikas Kumar Arora, IPS, IG/Director (SPD), BPR&D, MHA, New Delhi Executive Editor Sh. Shashi Kant Upadhyay DIG/DD (SPD), BPR&D, MHA, New Delhi Contents Sl. No. Title of the Article Page 1 Thikri Pehra: A Sparingly used Initiative of Community Policing-Needs a Relook 1-20 Dr Sandeep Kaur 2. The Role of Police in the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences 21-27 (POCSO) Act: A Content Analysis H. Vanalalruatkimi and Dr. S. Ramdoss 3. Disinformation: Spread, Impact and Interventions in Indian Context 28-39 Kiran S. 4. The Mindset and Tactics of Humantraffickers 40-48 Dr. M. Devasitham 5. Forensic Investigation of Arson: A Review 49-54 G.S. Sodhi and Jasjeet Kaur 6. Analysis of fake bullion using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, 55-62 Density determination method and their linkage with bullion stamp in the forensic context Lalit Kumar and Parshuram Singh 7. Credible Forensic Medical Expert Opinion for Investigators and Judiciary 63-72 Gupta Sudhir, Dey Arijit, Sharma Neha, Kanwar Hemant, Tyagi Swati, Yadav A and Prasad K. 8. Forensic Investigation of Suspicious Letters/Parcels: An Overview 73-79 Abhay Kumar Srivastava 9. Methods of Crime Prevention: A Case Study of Panchkula City, Haryana 80-88 Dr. Kuldeep Singh and Satnam Singh 10. Rememberance of Recent Vs. Remote Memory of an Event: A Key to 89-95 Investigation of Cold Cases Avani Pendse and Dr. Priyanka Kacker 11. Forensic Hurdles in Investigating & Prosecuting Cyber-crime - An Overview 96-110 Dr Nidhi Saxena and Dr Veer Mayank 12. Spatial and Rational Choice in Drug Peddling at Kochi City: 111-121 A Descriptive Analysis of News Reported in Print and Electronic Media during 2016-2017 K. Kuralarasan, Adarsh Krishnan and Dr M. Priyamvadha 13, The need to revisit applicability of Sections 323-326 122-133 of the Indian Penal Code to a Surgeon’s act Dr. Malvika Singh and Dr. K.P. Singh 14. Video Conferncing in the Trial of Trans-Border Ctimes: A Good Practice 134-144 Model in Victim Protection. Dr. P.M. Nair EDITORIAL MESSAGE It has been the endeavour of the BPR&D to enrich its readers through well-researched articles on the umbrella theme of the policing, including administration, police and pubic relation, community policing, forensic and investigations, prison and correctional administration. 2. The current edition of IPJ consists of 13 articles, focusing on the varied Policing subjects. The article, “Forensic Hurdles in Investigating & Prosecuting Cyber Crime – An Overview”, focuses on the uses and advantages of computer and IT in our day to day life but has also created a new tool for criminal activities. It has posed serious challenges for the investigating agencies to book the criminals. The article, “Credible Forensic Medical Expert Opinion for Investigators and Judiciary”, focuses on the importance of forensic evidence in determining the suspicious depth in the cases like suicides, homicides, accidents, etc. Medically trained doctors need to learn and draw credible inferences. The article, “Thikri Pehra : A Sparingly used Initiative of Community Policing – needs a Relook”, is an excellent article on the community policing. The article examines various models and also suggests ways and means to further improve it. Through the article, “The Role of Police in the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act : A Content Analysis”, the writers are critically analyzing the pros and cons of the Act and suggested training of Police Officers to improve the effectiveness of the provision of the POCSO Act. The article, “Disinformation : Spread, Impact and Interventions in Indian Context”, deals with the potential of the Information Technology (IT), specially, WhatsApp and other social media platforms in spreading the misinformation and rumours and also suggested ways and means to curb such disinformation. The article, “The Mindset and Tactics of Human Traffickers”, deals with the human trafficking and its various forms and ways through which it is being carried out. The article, “Forensic Investigation of Arson : A Review”, deals with the different forms of fire and its unique feature, on the basis of which the forensic evidences can be drawn to classify the different kinds of firearms used for crimes. ‘Promoting Good Practices and Standards’ Through the article, “The Analysis of Fake Bullion using X Ray fluroscence spectrometer, Density Determination Method and their linkage with Bullion Stamp in the Forensic Context”, the writers are analyzing the ways and means to classify the different forms of gold, which are coined as Bullion in the market and a detailed analysis to verify the authenticity. Through the article, “Forensic Investigations of Suspicious Letters/Parcels : An Overview”, the writers have analyzed the fake written communication, mails, etc. which are abusive in nature to the people, including parcels containing bombs, IEDs, etc. and how to detect it. In the article, “Methods of Crime Prevention : A Case Study of Panchkula City, Haryana”, the writers have analyzed the primary cause of crimes and also the different legal provisions, through which the crimes can be minimized. The article, “Remembrance of Recent Vs. Remote Memory of an Event : A Key to Investigation of Cold Cases “, deals with the analysis of loss of memories with the passage of time and suggested methods through, which the evidential value can be preserved. The article, “Spatial and Rational Choice in Drug Peddling at Kochi City : A Descriptive Analysis of News Reported in Print and Electronic Media during 2016-17”, has an analysis of drug peddling, reported in news media during 2016-17 and on the basis of the media reporting, the writers have spotted a hotspot for such crimes. Through the article, “The Need to Revisit Applicability of Sections 323-326 of the Indian Penal Code to a Surgeon’s Act”, the writers have analyzed the historical context of the provisions with the modern context, specially, the acts of the surgeons and have suggested how the differences can be made out or what can be the appropriate remedy. Through the article, “Video Conferencing in the Trial of Trans Border Crimes : A Good Practice Model in Victim Protection”, the writer has examined the good practices in the use of video conferencing for the trial of trans-border crimes. Editor in Chief ‘Promoting Good Practices and Standards’ Thikri Pehra: A Sparingly used Initiative of Community Policing-needs a Relook Dr Sandeep Kaur1 The Indian Police Journal @BPRD, MHA BPRD Publication www.bprd.gov.in Abstract: Thikri Pehra (Pahara) means to ‘guard at local level’ or to provide Night Vigil/Watch for a locality may be a village, town or city in emergencies or in normal times. It may be a term unknown to many in the present Generation. Thikri Pehra is an age old concept in the Indian Society, perhaps emerged ‘As and When’ ‘humans’ felt the need for their security. In the early times, the concept of State police was non-existent, thus people were responsible for guarding themselves, against any threat to their life and property. With the coming of State Police or Organised Police, the onus of individual security and security has got shifted to the Police only. Police are playing a multi- dimensional role today, virtually looking after all the security needs of every individual besides maintaining law and order in society. Today, Police have added responsibilities to perform such as personal verifications, providing security to V.I.Ps, dealing with emergencies such as fire and floods or any other natural or unnatural calamity.