Per 3 Chemistry Class POWER Norms Evidence : 1. Purpose Ready to start with paper, pens etc. out on desk and bags (with phones in them) away under the seat. • • • • • • From Video: Periodic Table finished watching on Mon. Make notes to answer the following questions while watching: 1. Which elements are named the alkali metals? What is the trend in reactivity for the alkali metals? 2. What two factors led to the development of the current periodic table? 3. How are new elements made and named? 3. How are new elements made and named? Synthesis of New (heavy) elements: Decide on 2 elements that already exist that when combined will provide the desired number of protons Eg. 94Pu + 20Ca = 114Fl Step 1. Purify target material (eg.Plutonium) Step 2. Apply material to target. Step 3. Collide the second material (eg.Calcium) with target. Step 4. Separate newly formed heavy element atoms. 3. How are new elements made and named? Synthesis of New (heavy) elements: Decide on 2 elements that already exist thatThen when have combinedto quickly will provide the desired number of protons carry out prepared experiments to see if atoms have expected Eg. 94Pu + 20Ca = 114Fl properties compared to “homologues” Step 1. Purify target material (Plutonium) (atoms similar to it). Step 2. Apply material to target. Step 3. Collide the second material (Calcium) with target. Step 4. Separate newly formed heavy element atoms. How to name a New Element Elements are named after: A mythological concept of character, including an astronomical object; e.g. Neptunium, Plutonium A mineral or similar substance; e.g. Lithium Cobalt, Beryllium A place of geographical region; e.g. Livermorium, Dubnium, Californium, Tennessine A property of an element; e.g. Tungsten A scientist;, e.g. Einsteinium, Oganesson, Seaborgium (new names end in -ium, except Grp 17 - ine and 18 (-on). How to name a New Element Elements are named after: IUPAC and IUPAP A mythological concept of character, including anCheck astronomical name object; and e.g. symbol Neptunium, Plutonium not used before, no A mineral or similar substance; e.g. Lithium Cobalt,other Beryllium meanings, modify if needed A place of geographical region; e.g. Livermorium,5 Dubnium,month publicCalifornium, comment Tennessine period A property of an element; e.g. Tungsten No issues - then joint A scientist;, e.g. Einsteinium, Oganesson, Seaborgiumpress announcement. (new names end in -ium, except Grp 17 - ine and 18 (-on). Identifying Trends - Periodic Table Worksheet Trends in Properties of Substances 4. The halogens (Group 17) have boiling points that follow a trend. o o o o o F2 (-188 C) Cl2 (-34 C) Br2 (59 C) I2 (185 C) At2 (337 C) a) What trend do you identify in this data? Identifying Trends - Periodic Table Worksheet Trends in Properties of Substances 4. The halogens (Group 17) have boiling points that follow a trend. o o o o o F2 (-188 C) Cl2 (-34 C) Br2 (59 C) I2 (185 C) At2 (337 C) a) What trend do you identify in this data? As the atomic number increases the boiling point also increases (but not by the same amount each time) - there is a general upward trend in boiling point. b) Explain this trend with respect to atomic models and electrical forces. Trends in Properties of Substances 4. The halogens (Group 17) have boiling points that follow a trend. o o o o o F2 (-188 C) Cl2 (-34 C) Br2 (59 C) I2 (185 C) At2 (337 C) b) Explain this trend with respect to atomic models and electrical forces. As atomic number increases, average atomic mass of elements also increases and so it takes more energy to get the molecules moving fast enough to enter the gas phase, which corresponds to higher boiling points. (Stronger electrical attractions hold the molecules in iodine and astatine in the solid state.) c) The element Tennessine (Ts, element 117) was named in 2018. Estimate its boiling point. Identifying Trends - Periodic Table Worksheet Trends in Properties of Substances 4. The halogens (Group 17) have boiling points that follow a trend. o o o o o F2 (-188 C) Cl2 (-34 C) Br2 (59 C) I2 (185 C) At2 (337 C) c) The element Tennessine (Ts, element 117) was named in 2018. Estimate its boiling point. Just less than double 337 oC, maybe 650oC. Trends in Properties of Substances 5. The density of elements in Group 15 follows a trend. N (3.04 g/cm3) P (2.19 g/cm3) As (2.18 g/cm3) Sb(2.05 g/cm3)Bi (2.02 g/cm3) a) What trend do you identify in these data? Trends in Properties of Substances 5. The density of elements in Group 15 follows a trend. N (3.04 g/cm3) P (2.19 g/cm3) As (2.18 g/cm3) Sb(2.05 g/cm3) Bi (2.02 g/cm3) a) What trend do you identify in these data? As atomic number increases the density of the elements decrease. b) Explain this trend, with respect to atomic models and electrical forces. Trends in Properties of Substances b) Explain this trend, with respect to atomic models and electrical forces. At atomic number increases, the atoms have larger electron clouds to accommodate the increasing number of electrons and so the atoms cannot get as close together as they can when the atoms are smaller. Thus the mass/volume ratio is decreasing even though the mass of the atoms is increasing they take up more space. (The change in density from P to As and from Sb to Bi is very small). Trends in Properties of Substances 5. The density of elements in Group 15 follows a trend. N (3.04 g/cm3) P (2.19 g/cm3) As (2.18 g/cm3) Sb(2.05 g/cm3) Bi (2.02 g/cm3) - 0.85 -0.01 -0.13 -0.03 c) The element Moscovium, (Ms, element 115) was named in 2018. Estimate its density. A bit lower than Bi. Turn in both worksheets - pass them forward. Make sure your name is on the front of each sheet. Trends in Periodic Table: Melting Points of Elements Melting point for a crystalline solid is the temperature at which the forces holding a crystal lattice together are broken and it becomes a liquid. crystalline solid - suggests a pure substance, element or compound Ideally you could now locate the graph of mpt vs. atomic number you made several weeks ago. Periodic Trends (patterns that repeat) Atomic radius vs. Atomic Number (take notes under graph) Group trends in atomic radii Generally Atomic radius increases down a group Generally Atomic radius increases down a group Generally Atomic radius decreases across a period Generally Atomic radius decreases across a period Note on atomic radius - measuring it .