Western Balkans Investment Framework Infrastructure Project Facility Technical Assistance 4 (IPF 4) TA2012054 R0 WBF Preliminary Design and Feasibility Study with EIA for construction of Highway E-80 (SEETO Route 7) in Serbia: from Kosovo* (administrative crossing Merdare) to Niš via Prokuplje bypass, section Niš- Pločnik WB13-SER-TRA-01 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study (ESIA) Social Impact Assessment (SIA) Draft Final July 2018 Infrastructure Project Facility – Technical Assistance 4 (IFP4) - TA2012054 R0 WBF Type/name of report European Western Balkans Joint Fund (EWBJF) Western Balkans Investment Framework (WBIF) Infrastructure Projects Facility Technical Assistance 4 (IPF 4) Infrastructures: Energy, Environment, Transport and Social TA 2012054 R0 WBF Preliminary Design and Feasibility Study with EIA for construction of Highway E-80 (SEETO Route 7) in Serbia: from Kosovo* (administrative crossing Merdare) to Niš via Prokuplje bypass, section Niš- PločnikWB13-SER-TRA-01 WB13-SER-TRA-01 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study (ESIA) Social Impact Assessment (SIA) Draft Final July 2018 The technical assistance operation is financed under the Western Balkans Investment Framework (WBIF) which is a joint initiative of the EU, International Financial institutions, bilateral donors and the governments of the Western Balkans which supports socio-economic development and EU accession across the Western Balkans through the provision of finance and technical assistance for strategic investments, particularly in infrastructure, energy efficiency and private sector development. Disclaimer: This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of IPF4 Consortium and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union or the European Investment Bank. Document no. WB13-SER-TRA-01_ Annex 1SIA_DRAFT FINAL v5 Version 5 Date of issue 27.07.2018 Prepared Nina Valcic Checked Iro Dimitriaodou Approved Yannis Papapanagiotou Annex 1_SIA_FINAL DRAFT v5 Infrastructure Project Facility – Technical Assistance 4 (IFP4) - TA2012054 R0 WBF III Preliminary Design and Feasibility Study with ESIA for construction of Highway E-80 in Serbia (SEETO Route 7) PRELIMINARY DESIGN – ESIA - RPF Contents 1 Project background 1 1.1 Area of influence 1 2 Legal, institutional and policy framework 3 2.1 International social Policy Framework 3 2.2 Roles and responsibilities 3 2.3 Other key institutions responsible for Project implementation 3 2.4 Key institutions in process of land expropriation and resettlement 4 2.5 Institutional arrangement, capacity and implementation team 5 3 Approach and methodology 7 3.1 Social impact assessment approach and methodology 7 3.1.1 Baseline study methodology and objective 7 3.1.2 Desktop review of secondary data 8 3.1.3 Field verification and qualitative data 10 3.1.4 Project impact assessment methodology 15 3.1.5 Types of Impact 16 3.1.6 Rating significance of impact 16 4 Socio economic baseline conditions - Historical and Political Overview 19 4.1 Historical Overview 19 4.1.1 About the region of southeastern Serbia 19 4.2 Modern political context 20 4.2.1 National context 20 4.3 Local Administrative Structure 21 4.3.1 Local administrative and political context 22 5 Demographics 25 5.1 Population and Settlements 25 5.2 Migration and Population change 29 5.2.1 Emigration 33 5.2.2 Immigration 34 5.2.3 Local migrations 35 5.3 Age 41 5.4 Gender and gender equality 42 Annex 1_SIA_FINAL DRAFT v5 Infrastructure Project Facility – Technical Assistance 4 (IFP4) - TA2012054 R0 WBF IV Preliminary Design and Feasibility Study with ESIA for construction of Highway E-80 (SEETO Route 7) in Serbia Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study - SIA 5.5 Ethnicity 49 5.6 Religion 53 6 Economy and Livelihoods 55 6.1 National Level Overview 55 6.2 Livelihoods in the Study Municipalities 56 6.3 Economy in the Study Municipalities 58 6.3.1 Agriculture 61 6.3.2 Tourism 64 6.4 Employment 67 6.4.1 Employment Laws and Regulations 67 6.4.2 Unemployment 69 6.4.3 Remittances and Social Assistance 70 7 Land Use and Ownership 73 7.1 Land ownership 73 7.2 Land use in Merošina and Prokuplje 74 7.3 Minimization of impact to agricultural land 76 8 Infrastructure and Public Services 79 8.1 Transport Infrastructure 79 8.1.1 National Road Network 79 8.1.2 National Railway Network 84 8.1.3 Airport facility, regional impact 86 8.1.4 Local Transport Infrastructure 87 8.2 Water and Sanitation 90 8.3 Irrigation and drainage of agricultural land 92 8.4 Waste Management 92 8.5 Energy 93 8.5.1 National level 93 8.5.2 Regional and local level 95 8.6 Local telecommunications and media coverage 96 9 Education and Skills 101 9.1 Educational System 101 9.2 National and local education levels 104 9.3 Local education infrastructure 107 10 Public health and health system 111 10.1 Health Overview of the Study Area 112 11 Vulnerability 115 11.1 Vulnerability Assessment Methodology 115 Annex 1_SIA_FINAL DRAFT v5 Infrastructure Project Facility – Technical Assistance 4 (IFP4) - TA2012054 R0 WBF V Preliminary Design and Feasibility Study with ESIA for construction of Highway E-80 in Serbia (SEETO Route 7) PRELIMINARY DESIGN – ESIA - RPF 12 Limitations 117 12.1 Data Adequacy and Uncertainty 117 12.2 Impact on socio-economic environment 117 12.3 General Mitigation Measures and hierarchy 118 13 Social Impact during Pre-Construction Phase 119 13.1 Local Overview and community support 119 13.1.1 Summary of impacts - Local Overview and community support 119 13.2 Gender 123 13.2.1 Summary of impacts - Gender 123 13.3 Infrastructure and utilities 127 13.3.1 Summary of impacts - Infrastructure and utilities 127 13.4 Tourism 131 13.4.1 Summary of impacts - Tourism 131 13.5 Land acquisition and Resettlement 135 13.5.1 Summary of impacts - Land acquisition and Resettlement 143 14 Social Impact During Construction Phase 149 14.1 Local overview and community support 149 14.1.1 Summary of impacts - Local overview and community support 149 14.2 Temporary worker influx and population change 153 14.2.1 Summary of impact - Temporary worker influx and population change 157 14.3 Gender 165 14.3.1 Summary of impacts - Gender 167 14.4 Education and skills 173 14.5 Employment and Economy 177 14.5.1 Summary of impacts - Employment and Economy 178 14.6 Infrastructure and utilities and public amenities 181 14.6.1 Summary of impacts -Infrastructure and utilities and public amenities 183 14.7 Labour and working conditions 187 14.7.1 Summary of impacts - Labour and working conditions 189 14.8 Community health and safety risk 193 14.8.1 Summary of impacts - Community health and safety risk 196 14.9 Health Services 201 Annex 1_SIA_FINAL DRAFT v5 Infrastructure Project Facility – Technical Assistance 4 (IFP4) - TA2012054 R0 WBF VI Preliminary Design and Feasibility Study with ESIA for construction of Highway E-80 (SEETO Route 7) in Serbia Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study - SIA 14.9.1 Summary of impacts - Health Services 201 14.10 Access to Education 205 14.10.1 Summary of impacts - Access to Education 207 14.11 Agriculture, beekeeping and farming 211 14.11.1 Summary of impacts - Agriculture, beekeeping and farming 213 14.12 Land Acquisition and involuntary resettlement 217 14.12.1 Summary of impacts -Land Acquisition and involuntary resettlement 217 14.13 Vulnerability 221 14.13.1 Summary of impacts 221 14.14 Livelihood 222 14.14.1 Summary of impact 222 15 Social Impacts During Operational Phase 225 15.1.1 Employment and Economy 225 15.1.2 Summary of impacts - Employment and Economy 225 15.1.3 Tourism 229 15.1.4 Summary of impacts - tourism 230 16 Cumulative Impacts 233 17 Conclusion 235 Annex 1_SIA_FINAL DRAFT v5 Infrastructure Project Facility – Technical Assistance 4 (IFP4) - TA2012054 R0 WBF VII Preliminary Design and Feasibility Study with ESIA for construction of Highway E-80 in Serbia (SEETO Route 7) PRELIMINARY DESIGN – ESIA - RPF List of Tables Table 1: Institutions contributing and involved in the resettlement process 4 Table 2: Summary overview of primary data collection tools and stakeholder groups 11 Table 3: Question matrix 15 Table 4 Designating ratings for Social Impacts 17 Table 5 Population trends in Serbia 25 Table 6: Population of Merošina and Prokuplje, with a list of larger settlements 26 Table 7 Households by number of members 27 Table 8: Households of Merošina and Prokuplje with some key regional statistic 28 Table 9: Population change in Merošina and Prokuplje municipality, including some major age groups and gender 31 Table 10: Migrants from abroad 35 Table 11 Internal migrations to Merošina and Prokuplje 36 Table 12 Emigration out of Merošina and Prokuplje 37 Table 13: Local migrations in Merošina and Prokuplje 39 Table 14: Major age group comparison 41 Table 15 Fertility rates in Europe from 1960 to 2014 43 Table 16 Region of Southern Serbia activity across gender 47 Table 17 Obtained education levels for all population 15 years and above 48 Table 18 Population by ethnicity in Serbia 50 Table 19 Population of Merošina and Prokuplje 51 Table 20 Religion in Prokuplje and Merošina 54 Table 21. Household income in Merošina and Prokuplje 57 Table 22 Use of agricultural land 62 Table 23 Employment/unemployment totals and rates at national level, district and municipality comparison 69 Table 24 Relevant countries road network per area, comparison with Serbia 81 Table 25 Key travel destination from Merošina and Prokuplje 83 Table 26 Serbia oil and gas production