Fish Health Management Using Husbandry Training Takaomi Ito, DVM Shuji Sodeyama Satoshi Takeuchi Kiyoko Onda Hiroshi Obata Kiyonori Nishida, PhD Contribution for Sustaining Fish Biodiversity from a Veterinarian’s Viewpoint Sustaining Fish Biodiversity In and Ex situ conservation activity Developed health management method for captive fish. Performed various types of research for collecting physiological and behavioral data. OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Concerns in Studying Fish The process of selecting and capturing one particular fish among many in an exhibit tank is often a difficult task. The process of selecting and capturing fish can be dangerous for our staff members. Also fish become stressed when physically restrained for a test or examination. There is a risk that the data collected may lack validity. Husbandry Training OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Husbandry Training for Zebra shark Specimen Zebra shark (Stegostoma fasciatum) Sex : Female TL : 150cm Volume of water in tank : 2.5 OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Procedure for Husbandry Training (Zebra shark) Step 1 : Desensitization for handfeeding Step 2 : Desensitization for tactile stimulation Step 3 : Training to keep herself in a inverted position Ultrasonography OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Procedure for Husbandry Training (Zebra shark) Step 1 : Desensitization for handfeeding Step 2 : Desensitization for tactile stimulation Step 3 : Training to keep herself in a dorsal position Ultrasonography Step 4-1 : Desensitization Blood for blood drawing sampling OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Procedure for Husbandry Training (Zebra shark) Step 1 : Desensitization for handfeeding Step 2 : Desensitization for tactile stimulation Step 3 : Training to keep herself in a dorsal position Ultrasonography Step 4-1 : Desensitization Blood for blood drawing sampling Step 4-2 : Trained her to come Measure to the surface body weight OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Procedure for Husbandry Training (Zebra shark) Step 1 : Desensitization for handfeeding Step 2 : Desensitization for tactile stimulation Step 3 : Training to keep herself in a dorsal position Ultrasonography Step 4-1 : Desensitization Blood for blood drawing sampling Step 4-2 : Trained her to come Measure to the surface body weight Step 4-3 : Desensitization for Inserting Observe gill something into gill opening by Endoscopy OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Procedure for Husbandry Training (Zebra shark) Step 1 : Desensitization for handfeeding Step 2 : Desensitization for tactile stimulation Step 3 : Training to keep herself in a dorsal position Ultrasonography Step 4-1 : Desensitization Blood for blood drawing sampling Step 4-2 : Trained her to come Measure to the surface body weight Step 4-3 : Desensitization for Inserting Observe gill something into gill opening by Endoscopy Step 4-4 : Desensitization for inserting something into cloaca AI OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Ultrasonography by Husbandry Training Ovary OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Blood Sampling Using Husbandry Training OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Obtaining Body Weight via Husbandry Training OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Endoscopic Examination of Gills Using Husbandry Training OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Insert Endoscope into Cloaca by Husbandry Training OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Husbandry Training for Whale Shark Typical procedure Disadvantages : for blood sampling: Requires 6 or more staff 1. Place it in a stretcher members 2. Restrain it in the stretcher Process takes more than 1 3. Blood sampling while hour being physically restrained Can be dangerous for staff if the whale shark starts thrashing while being physically restrained The whale shark can become stressed while being physically restrained. OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Whale Sharks on Husbandry Training Specimen Specimen Specimen A B C Sex Female Male Female 5.5 m 5.1 m 4.6 m BW 2,000kg 1,500kg 1,000kg Volume of water in 3,000 m3 3,000 m3 5,400 m3 tank OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Procedure for Blood Sampling via Husbandry Training Step 1 : Feeding training at the surface of water OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Procedure for Blood Sampling via Husbandry Training Step 1 : Feeding training at the surface of water Step 2 : Feeding training from behind OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Procedure for Blood Sampling via Husbandry Training Step 1 : Feeding training at the surface of water Step 2 : Feeding training from behind Step 3 : Desensitization for the diver OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Procedure for Blood Sampling via Husbandry Training Step 1 : Feeding training at the surface of water Step 2 : Feeding training from behind Step 3 : Desensitization for the diver Step 4 : Desensitization for stimulation during blood sampling OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Blood Sampling via Husbandry Training while Feeding at the Surface of Water Specimen A & B) OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Blood Sampling & Intramuscular Injection by Husbandry Training During Regular Feeding (Specimen C) OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Placing a Tag via Husbandry Training Specimen B) OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Husbandry Training for Ocean Sunfish Monogenean Keratitis OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Husbandry Training for Freshwater Bath (Ocean sunfish) Specimen Ocean sunfish (Mola mola) Sex: Unknown Step-1 : Trained it to guide up TL : 88cm onto the water surface BW : 40kg Volume of water in tank : 5,400 m3 Step-2 : Training to stay in a lateral position while poring freshwater over its eyeballs Freshwater bath OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Freshwater Bath through Husbandry Training OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Husbandry Training for Spotted Halibut Specimen Spotted halibut (Verasper variegates) Sex: Unknown Step-1 : Training of hand feeding TL : 30cm BW : 1.5kg Step-2 : Training of stationing itself Volume of water in tank :150 m3 on staff’s hand Step-3 : Desensitization for blood draw Blood sampling OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Blood Sampling via Husbandry Training OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Husbandry Training for Reticulated Pufferfish Specimen Reticulated pufferfish (Arothron reticularis) Sex: Unknown TL : 30cm BW : 2.5kg Volume of water in tank: 2.5 m3 OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Procedure for Husbandry Training (Reticulated pufferfish) Step 1 : Training for hand feeding Step 2 : Desensitization Step 2 : Desensitization for tactile stimulation for the basket Step 3 : Training to stay Step 3 : Training to stay in the basket in a prone or lateral position Step 4 : Desensitization Step 4 : Training to come for inserting a needle to the surface /and Blood sampling Measure body weight OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN SC/IM via Husbandry Training OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Blood Sampling via Husbandry Training OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Measurement of Body Weight by Use of Husbandry Training OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN Summary Husbandry Training of Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes is not difficult. We readily achieved our goals using it. Husbandry training is most effective 1) for species kept in a large tank (hard to capture) 2) for large species (hard to handle) 3) when stress caused to the species can affect data collection for research. Proactive husbandry training for fish in captivity is significant in terms of animal welfare. OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN .