Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Oct 04, 2021 Wind farm planning at the Gulf of Suez Clausen, Niels-Erik; Mortensen, Niels Gylling; Hansen, Jens Carsten; Clausager, I.; Jensen, F.P.; Georgy, L.; Said, U.S. Publication date: 2004 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Clausen, N-E., Mortensen, N. G., Hansen, J. C., Clausager, I., Jensen, F. P., Georgy, L., & Said, U. S. (2004). Wind farm planning at the Gulf of Suez. Denmark. Forskningscenter Risoe. Risoe-R No. 1387(EN) General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Risø-R-1387(EN) Wind Farm Planning at the Gulf of Suez Niels-Erik Clausen1 (ed), Niels G. Mortensen1, Jens Carsten Hansen1, Ib Clausager2, Flemming Pagh Jensen3, Laila Georgy4, Usama Said Said4 Wind Atlas Bird Migration for the Gulf Atlas of Suez Maps GIS-Data EIA Power system GUIDELINES Climate APPROVALS Wind Farm Planning §§ Master plans Physical planning Legislation Directives Conventions 4New and Renewable Energy Authority, Egypt 3Hedeselskabet A/S, Denmark 2National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark 1Risø National Laboratory, Denmark November 2004 Wind Farm Planning at the Gulf of Suez. Copyright 2004 New and Renewable Energy Authority (NREA) and Risø National Laboratory. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the ex- press written permission of New and Renewable Energy Authority or Risø Na- tional Laboratory. Neither New and Renewable Energy Authority nor Risø National Laboratory nor any person acting on behalf of NREA or of Risø is responsible for the use, which might be made of the information presented in this publication. ISBN 87-550-3167-6; ISBN 87-550-3168-4 (Internet) ISSN 0106-2840 Print: Pitney Bowes Management Services Denmark A/S, 2004 2 Risø-R-1387(EN) Risø-R-1387(EN) Wind Farm Planning at the Gulf of Suez Risø National Laboratory Roskilde Denmark November 2004 3 1 1 1 Authors: Niels-Erik Clausen (ed), Niels G. Mortensen , Jens Carsten Hansen , Risø-R-1387(EN) 2 3 4 4 Ib Clausager , Flemming Pagh Jensen , Laila Georgy , Usama Said Said November 2004 Title: Wind Farm Planning at the Gulf of Suez Risø Department: Wind Energy 4 New and Renewable Energy Authority, Egypt 3Hedeselskabet A/S, Denmark 2National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark 1Risø National Laboratory, Denmark Abstract (max. 2000 char.): ISSN 0106-2840 ISBN 87-550-3167-6; 87-550-3168-4 (internet) The Wind Atlas for Egypt project is an element in a national effort to provide the best possible basis for planning of future environmentally sustainable development and utilization of wind energy resources and technology in Egypt. The present report compiles the data, information and recommendations available for planning of wind farm projects in the Gulf of Suez. Contract no.: Group's own reg. no.: 1170-104 Sponsorship: Danida Pages: 96 Tables: 5 References: 39 Risø National Laboratory Information Service Department P.O.Box 49 DK-4000 Roskilde Denmark Telephone +45 46774004 [email protected] Fax +45 46774013 www.risoe.dk 4 Risø-R-1387(EN) Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................... 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................ 9 1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................ 11 2 BACKGROUND .................................................................................................. 12 2.1 WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY ......................................................................... 12 2.1.1 The typical wind turbine...................................................................... 13 2.1.2 Wind turbine products on the market................................................ 13 2.1.3 Future design – trends and possibilities ............................................. 14 2.1.4 Wind power applications..................................................................... 15 2.2 WIND ENERGY PLANS AND DEVELOPMENT IN EGYPT .................................. 16 2.2.1 Power Sector in Egypt.......................................................................... 17 2.2.2 The Strategy and the Institutional Structure..................................... 18 2.2.3 NREA’s Activities and Accomplishments within Wind Energy....... 19 2.2.4 Government Projects ........................................................................... 21 2.2.5 Private Sector Projects......................................................................... 22 2.2.6 Plans for the Future ............................................................................. 22 2.2.7 Climate Change Projects ..................................................................... 22 2.3 LEGISLATION AND GUIDELINES RELATED TO PLANNING FOR WIND ENERGY IN EGYPT.................................................................................................................... 23 3 REGIONAL PLANNING FOR WIND ENERGY IN THE GULF OF SUEZ24 3.1 FROM A DANISH PERSPECTIVE...................................................................... 24 3.2 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING .................................................................. 24 3.2.1 Purpose of Planning ............................................................................. 24 3.2.2 Legislation and institutional setup/functions in Denmark................ 25 3.2.3 Environmental Impact Assessment .................................................... 25 3.2.4 Legislation, directives and conventions – internationally and in Egypt 27 3.2.5 Planning Process Methods for National and Regional levels............ 27 3.2.6 Software Tools and Methods for Wind Farm Planning and Design 27 3.3 BACKGROUND CONDITIONS AND DATA ......................................................... 32 3.3.1 Topography and land-use.................................................................... 32 3.3.2 Wind resources..................................................................................... 33 3.3.3 Other considerations............................................................................ 35 3.3.4 Birds and Wind Turbines.................................................................... 36 3.3.5 The birds of the Gulf of Suez area ...................................................... 43 3.3.6 Data for Assessment of Environmental Impact................................. 44 3.4 GIS AND THE WIND FARM PLANNING PROCESS ............................................ 45 3.4.1 Mapping by Geographical Information Systems (GIS) .................... 45 3.4.2 Overview of GIS Hardware and Software ......................................... 45 4 WIND FARM PLANNING – SITING, SIZING AND LAYOUT.................... 47 4.1 WIND FARM SITE SELECTION....................................................................... 47 4.1.1 Some definitions ................................................................................... 47 4.1.2 Planning ................................................................................................ 47 4.2 TERRAIN DESCRIPTION FOR WIND RESOURCE ASSESSMENT ..................... 48 4.2.1 Terrain elevation .................................................................................. 48 4.2.2 Terrain slope......................................................................................... 50 Risø-R-1387(EN) 5 4.2.3 Terrain ruggedness .............................................................................. 51 4.2.4 Land-use and roughness length........................................................... 52 4.2.5 Sheltering obstacles.............................................................................. 53 4.3 THE WIND FARM MODEL – ARRAY EFFICIENCY AND ENERGY PRODUCTION53 4.4 WIND FARM LAYOUT .................................................................................... 54 4.4.1 Recommended approach ..................................................................... 55 4.4.2 Wind farm layout concepts.................................................................. 56 4.4.3 Micro-siting – procedure during detailed design............................... 57 4.4.4 Layout of wind farms in the sandy desert along the Gulf of Suez.... 58 4.5 WIND POWER PRODUCTION ESTIMATION, VERIFICATION AND UNCERTAINTIES ........................................................................................................ 60 4.5.1 WAsP wind resource assessment ........................................................ 60 4.5.2 Uncertainties in wind resource assessment and production estimation.............................................................................................................