Plant Virus–Host Interaction Molecular Approaches and Viral Evolution R.K. Gaur Associate Professor and Head, Department of Science, FASC, Mody Institute of Technology and Science, Lashmangarh, Sikar, India Thomas Hohn Professor Emeritus, Botanical Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Pradeep Sharma Senior Scientist (Biotechnology), Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, India AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB, UK 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA First published 2014 Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN: 978-0-12-411584-2 For information on all Academic Press publications visit our website at store.elsevier.com Printed and bound in the United States 14 15 16 17 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contributors Sohail Akhtar Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman Imran Amin National Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan Geórgia C. Anselmo Federal University of Ceará, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fortaleza, Brazil V. Balasubramanian National Research Centre for Banana (ICAR), Tiruchirappalli, India Pakkianathan Britto Cathrin Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Xiao-fei Cheng College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P R China Mirosława Chrzanowska Młochów Research Center, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Młochów, Poland Kris De Jonghe Laboratory of Virology, Plant Sciences Unit—Crop Protection, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium Y.L. Dorokhov A N Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, and N I Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia Richard Gáborjányi University of Pannonia, Georgikon Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Institute for Plant Protection, Keszthely, Hungary Donato Gallitelli Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy R.K. Gaur Department of Science, Faculty of Arts, Science and Commerce, Mody Institute of Technology and Science, Lakshmangarh, Rajasthan, India Murad Ghanim Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Om Prakash Gupta Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, India József Horváth University of Pannonia, Georgikon Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Institute for Plant Protection, Keszthely, Hungary, and Kaposvár University, Department of Botany and Plant Production, Kaposvár, Hungary Gabriella Kazinczi Kaposvár University, Department of Botany and Plant Production, Kaposvár, Hungary xv xvi Contributors Akhtar Jamal Khan Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman Yuji Kishima Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan T.V. Komarova A N Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, and N I Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia Veda Krishnan Division of Biochemistry, IARI, New Delhi, India J.Albersio A. Lima Federal University of Ceará, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fortaleza, Brazil Roberto C.A. Lima BioClone, Eusébio—CE, Brazil Ruifang Liu Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Juan José López-Moya Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics CRAG, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB—Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain Shahid Mansoor National Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan G.P. Martelli Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy, and Istituto di Virologia Vegetale del CNR, UOS Bari, Bari, Italy Avinash Marwal Department of Science, Faculty of Arts, Science and Commerce, Mody Institute of Technology and Science, Lakshmangarh, Rajasthan, India Tiziana Mascia Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy Krystyna Michalak Młochów Research Center, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Młochów, Poland József Mikulás Corvinus University of Budapest Institute of Viticulture and Oenology Research Station, Kecskemét, Hungary J. Minarovits University of Szeged, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Szeged, Hungary Thomas Mitchell Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio Agriculture Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, US Aline Kelly Q. Nascimento Federal University of Ceará, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fortaleza, Brazil Verônica C. Oliveira Federal University of Ceará, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fortaleza, Brazil G. Rama Prashat Division of Genetics, IARI, New Delhi, India Feng Qu Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio Agriculture Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, US K.R. Richert-Pöggeler Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany Contributors xvii L. Rubino Istituto di Virologia Vegetale del CNR, UOS Bari, Bari, Italy M. Russo Istituto di Virologia Vegetale del CNR, UOS Bari, Bari, Italy Lyubov Ryabova Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, France Anurag Kumar Sahu Department of Science, Faculty of Arts, Science and Commerce, Mody Institute of Technology and Science, Lakshmangarh, Rajasthan, India Mikhail Schepetilnikov Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, France R. Selvarajan National Research Centre for Banana (ICAR), Tiruchirappalli, India P. Sharma Division of Crop Improvement, Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, India Sunil Kumar Sharma Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Agricultural College Estate, Shivajinagar, Pune, India E.V. Sheshukova N I Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia Jasleen Singh Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio Agriculture Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, US Guy Smagghe Department of Crop Protection, Faculty Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Lucy R. Stewart Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio Agriculture Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, US, and USDA- ARS Corn, Soybean and Wheat Quality Research Unit, Wooster, OH, US András Takács University of Pannonia, Georgikon Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Institute for Plant Protection, Keszthely, Hungary Savarni Tripathi Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Agricultural College Estate, Shivajinagar, Pune, India María Urizarna España Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics CRAG, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB—Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain Noémi Van Bogaert Department of Crop Protection, Faculty Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, and Laboratory of Virology, Plant Sciences Unit—Crop Protection, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium T. Vinutha Division of Biochemistry, IARI, New Delhi, India Nasar Virk Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National