MID-TERM POLLS DEC. 1994 - MARCH 1995 AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Submitted in partial {iilfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of ^- iHastcr '.' '--• of v' i Eibrarp Sc information ^titntt 1994-95 by Miss BABITA \^ /^ Roll No. 94 LSM -14 Enrolement No. Z - 2900 UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF Mr. S. HASAN ZAMARRUD READER DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY & INFORMATION SCIENCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 1995 [LS- 1:^70] 2 6 K:.:^ ^99 (p^ DS2670 J^E.diaaiE.d t Q ^V{ij J^oulncj J^jatruii and y\/{ umm i/ CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I - li SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY Vw - v\i 1. PART - ONE INTRODUCTION I'-^8 LIST OF PERIODICALS SCANNED ^^ - IC 2. PART - TWO BIBLIOGRAPHY 11 - ISl 3. PART - THREE INDEX \§^ - $05 **4r****ifr***ifc4r*4r*****ifc**A4rA'**iAri CO ACKNOWLEDGEMENT *••••*••*****•*•*••*•*•••*••*••*•*••*•*•* In this world no task can be accomplished without the help of the creature of this Universe. I am thankrul to the Almighty for providing me shelter against the ruthless showers of crisis. Words seem to be inadequate for the immense appreciation and gratitude I owe to my supervisor, Mr. S. Hasan Zaunarrud, Reader, Department of Library i Information Science. He has been a guiding light in moments of darkness and a piller of strenght in troubled times. I would be failing in my duty if I do not acknowledge the help provided by Mr. Shabahat Husain, Chairman, Deptt.of Lib. & Inf. Sc. A.M.U. His untiring cooperation in providing adequate facilities in the Deptt. and elsewhere for data collection has helped in a long way. I am also indebted to my teachers, Prof. Sabir Husain, Ex-Chairman, Mr. Mustafa Zaidi, Reader and Mr. M.A.K. Khan, Ex-Reader, Deptt. of Lib.& Inf. Sc. A.M.U. for their valuable criticism and evaluation from time zo time. My friends,Miss. Farah Kausar and Mr. Waseem Khan have always stood by me through all the rough patches. Without their sincere help, this work would remained a dream for me. The Love and cooperation of my family members has been a source of emotional support to me. Last but not the least, I am thankful to Mr. Alaishya Hood and Advance Computer Centre Aligarh for taking pains to bring out this work in its present form. [ BABITA ] Qwv) SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY • •***•*•*•••*••***•*•***•*•••*••••**••*•**• 1. SCOPE The Assembly Elections were held in ten states between December 1994 to March 1995, in two rounds. The out come of Polls indicate that the people have voted for a change. The voters have become more aware abou" their Democratic rights. The basic aim of this study is to bring to-gether at one place the documents and periodicals, aritcles published in Indian and Foreign journals on the subject. Since the topic is so vast I have tried to include all the aspects and in each a few representative articles have been documented. Informative abstracts for the aritcles have been prepared. METHODOLOGY The primary sources were consulted in the following libraries. 1. Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. 2. Indian Council of World Affairs Library, Sapru House, New Delhi. 3. Nehru Museum and Library, Teen Moorti, New Delhi. 4. American Central Library, Kasturba Gandhi Marg, New Delhi. 5. British Council library, Rafi Marg, New Delhi. The proceedure followed in preparing this bibliography was as follows. 1. The secondary sources were consulted in Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh to find out the location of the articles.These secondary sources were- a. Index India (Rajasthan University, Jodhpur) b. Indian press index (Indian Documentation Servic Gurgaon) c. Article of the week (J.N.U. Library, New Delhi) d. Weekly List of Articles (Indian Council of World Affairs, New Delhi) e. Guide to Indian Periodical Literature (Delhi Library Association) 2. The relevent bibliographical details were noted down I on 5"x7" cards following the ISI standards. 3. The primary sources were consulted in Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh and Libraries in Delhi. 4. On coplition of the abstracts subjected headings were assigned, subject heading are completely co­ extensive to the extent possible. 5. The Subject headings were arranged in an alphabetical sequence of various elements. 6. In the end a combined author & title index was prepared, providing reference to various entries b}- their respective numbers. 7. No subject index has been provided as bibliography itself arranged alphabetically through Subject Headings. STANDARD FOLLOWED Bibliographic Reference for Periodical Articles Care has been taken to follow strictly the rules and practices of CCC. Thus it gives a uniformity for the bibliographical references through out the selected bibliography. Attempt has been made to give the full name of the periodicals. The itmes of bibliographical references for each entry of periodical are arranged as follows. a. Name(s) of author(s) b. Full stop ( . ) c. Title of the article including subtitle, if any d. Full stop (.) e. Title of the periodical in full f. Semicolon (;) g. Volume number in Indo-Arabic numerals h. Coma (,) i. Issue number j. Semicolon (;) k. Year of publication 1. Coma {,) m. Date of publication n. Semicolon (;) 0. Inclusive pages of Article SPECIMEN ENTRY 1. CHENGAPPA (Raj) and AGHA (Zafar). Southern test. India Today; 19, 22; 1994, November, 30; 54-7. SUBJECT HEADING Attempt has been made to give co-extensive subject heading as much as possible, it will facilitate the readers to find out desired article (s) from this bibliography. ARRANGEMENT (y\\) An entry is preceeded by subject heading in capitals. The entry begins with entry element (i.e surname of the author) in capitals, followed by the secondary element (i.e forename) in parenthesis and then title of the ariticle, which is followed by the underlined title of the periodical, its volume, issue no,, date of publication and page no. If the entry begins with title the first two words of the title are in capitals. Each entry is then followed by an informative abstract of the article. INDEX The index part contains a combined author and title index. The index guides to the specific entry or entries in the bibliography. It is hoped that it will be found use full in consultation of the bibliography. 1 INTRODUCTION ASSEMBLY ELECTION Till the sixties, election to the state assembly and Lok Sabha were held simultaneously. Political parties found the arrangement convenient because the same compaign covered the both tiers of governance. The expenditure was also less. The government sared among since both polling functionories and the Security Staff were common. It was P.N. Haskar. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's security who psersuaded her to seperate the two elections. His argument was that the problems facing could not adequate discuss the questions that either of the two raised. National and local issues got so intexmixed that a voter had neither clear cut choice not time to ponder over them seperately. Haskar had a point. Local issus were awashed by the torrent of national rehetoric. If some one raised the voice, he or she was shouted down and labelled as a regianalist but in real it was nagation of the federal spirit that the constitution reflects. But the Congress then at the helm of affairs, wanted that way and saw to it that it stayed that way. The party reaped the harvest and remained in office for three decades without interuption. The Lok Sabha candidates rode on the shoulders of the assembly contestants. The upset was rare. The Lok Sabha seat comprising six or seven assembly constituencies went to the same party which won in the assembly constituencies It was more or less automatic. The sentiments aroused to win the assembly seat stood in good stead for the Lok Sabha. The delinking of the two elections has not however served the purpose for which it was effected. Mrs. Gandhi herself brought to the fore national problems during the assembly polls. Granted, she was obsessed with the idea of profecting personality and programme at the same time. Other was succeeded her were also found wanting. India's policy has to faces federal and provincial. The constitution has delineated subjects for both. The states are autonomous in their field and only when the law and order breaks down does the centre intervence. Crowding out the state administrations on the basis of parliamentry elections set a bad precedent. The first opposition govt that of Janata, did some thing worse. It dismissed all the Congress govts in the states on the ground that they had lost the confidence of ':r.-5 people. The oriterion was the Janata's success at the Lok Sabha polls. The mere fact that a party won in parliament could not legallay form the basis for its assertion that the states follow suit. This was as anmalous as the claim of a party, which oafter winning the atate eletions were to say that the Lok Sabha members from the area should seek re-election. Then why stop at the Lok Sabha and assembly level? Rajiv Gandhi did not follow her mother's exmaple after sweeping the polls in 1984. He allowed the oppostion govrnment to continue. P.M. Narsimha Rao was in no position to dismiss them since the Congress did not have even a base majority in parliament. But it is apparent that he did not believe in the sanctity of state polls. He proved it through his speeches during the electioneering in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. He only played the national card, not differentiating the state issues from those of the centre. His compaign was confined to digs at the instability of Non Congress govts that had ruled at the centre. At best he talked about the economic liberalisation true he did not promise goodies but his plea that he trom ihe South could be in jeipardy if ':\e lost in the two states confused the voters who wanted to focus their attention on regional or local problems.