San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks San José Studies, 1990s San José Studies Winter 1-1-1993 San José Studies, Winter 1993 San José State University Foundation Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sanjosestudies_90s Part of the Chicana/o Studies Commons Recommended Citation San José State University Foundation, "San José Studies, Winter 1993" (1993). San José Studies, 1990s. 10. https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sanjosestudies_90s/10 This Journal is brought to you for free and open access by the San José Studies at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in San José Studies, 1990s by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Winter 1993 Special Issue: By and About Chicanas y Chicanos (_ 0 ~ L ~ a.c:: m· • c~ ~_. <0 z c:: ~ _. • ~ ::> Cl> -~_. <0 w<0 San Jose State University Journal of the Arts, Humanities, Social Sciences, Sciences, and Business. $10.00 SAN JOSE STUDIES Volume XIX, Number 1 Winter, 1993 EDITOR Fauneil J. Rinn, Political Science, San Jose State University ASSOCIATE EDITORS John Engell, English, San Jose State University Allison Heisch, English and Humanities, San Jose State University David Mesher, English, San Jose State University Susan Shillinglaw, English, San Jose State University EDITORIAL BOARD Garland E. Allen, Biology, Washington University Judith P. Breen, English, San Francisco State University Hobert W. Burns, Philosophy, San Jose State University Robert Casillo, English, University of Miami, Coral Gables Richard Flanagan, Creative writing, Babson College Barbara Charlesworth Gelpi, English, Stanford. University Robert C. Gordon, English and Humanities, San Jose State Univer:sity Richard E. Keady, Religious Studies, San Jose State University Jack Kurzweil, Electrical Engineering, San Jose State University Hank Lazer, English, University of Alabama Lela A. Llorens, Occupational Therapy, San Jose State University Lois Palken Rudnik, American Studies, University of Massachusetts, Boston Richard A. Scott, Business, University of Arizona Dwight Vandevate, Jr., Philosophy, The University of Tennessee COMMITTEE OF TRUSTEES Leon Dorosz Arlene N. Okerlund John R Douglas Jay D. Pinson Dolores Escobar Rose Tseng John A. Galm James P. Walsh Billie B. Jensen Nils Peterson, Chair T.M. Norton Elsie Leach BUSINESS MANAGER Allison Diaz GRAPHIC CONSULTANTS AI Beechick Laura Chau PRINTER Quality Offset Printing, Inc. Santa Cruz, CA 95062 © San Jose State University Foundation, 1993 ISSN: 0097-8051 SAN JOSE STUDIES Volume XIX, Number 1 Winter, 1993 CHICANAS Y CHICANOS: A SPECIAL ISSUE ARTICLES Roberto P. Haro and Patricia C. Nichols, Guest Editors Introduction . 6 Emesto Galarza Social Work Education and the Chicano Experience . 9 Jose Antonio Burciaga Spanish Words in Anglo-American Literature: A Chicano Perspective. 20 E. Lou Carranza Stereotypes about Mexican Americans . 34 David Gonzales To Sit with Shakespeare...................................... 44 Kathleen Ann Gonzalez That Was Living. 46 Terry Gross Interviews with Daniel Valdez and Luis Valdez ................. 53 Rose del Castillo Guilbault Salinas Valley Seasons . 60 Leah Halper Ofrenda for Arturo Islas. 62 Robert F. Jenkins El Teatro Campesino. 73 Jesus Martinez National Identity and Binational Migration: An Autobiography . 89 Juan Oliverez A Chicano Commencement .................................. 104 Santos D. Rodriguez "Other'' .................................................... 122 Diane M. Schaffer Parable of the Two Frogs ..................................... 124 Arturo Villarreal Black Berets for Justice ....................................... 142 FICTION Randall C. Jimenez and Felix Garcia, Jr. Es Un Hombre ....................................· .......... 161 POETRY Manuel Eduardo Alfaro, three poems .......................... 171 Roberto Tinoco Duran, six poems ................. 175, 183, 184, 185 Benjamin Torres, two poems ................................. 178 ART Lydia Beltran, photographs ................................... 187 Jose Antonio Burciaga, mural ................................. 195 Robert F. Jenkins, photograph. 80 Henry Morillo, drawings ..................................... 181 Jeff Paul, photographs ....................................... 191 John Gilberto Rodriguez, photographs ......................... 199 Ted Sahl, photograph. 70 Lucia Villegas, paintings ..................................... 196 CONTRIBUTORS ................................ 201 Cover: Photograph by Jeff Paul. Introduction IDS special issue of San Jose Studies appears just after a year's T national focus on the initial Spanish voyage to this hemisphere in 1492. In different arenas, we have been examining the contact of cul­ tures, languages, and ways of perceiving the world that resulted from this encounter some 500 years ago. Spanish observations of the "new" worlds before them are abundantly documented; an overview of the accounts of their early travels and of the underlying world views that led them to see (or not see) what they did can be found in Mary Louise Pratt's Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation (Routledge, 1992). The indigenous people's responses to contact with Europeans, and to the Africans who often accompanied them, has been lost or destroyed, for the most part, leaving us with oral histories and items of material culture. This scat­ tering and destruction of indigenous codices compel those who rely on the printed word for much of their information to be more aware of the European responses to contact than of the indigenous ones. Sustained contact between the Spanish and the indigenous peoples of California, particularly of the area surrounding San Jose, was relatively late. In 1776, the Presidio was being established by the Spanish at San Francisco, just as the colonists on the Atlantic coast were declaring their freedom from the British and forming a union of states. The promoters of the "English Only" legislation in California seem unaware of how recent the widespread use of English is in this area: only after the discovery of gold in 1848, nearly a century after the Spanish priests and soldiers had settled at San Francisco, did the English language become widely used in this area. While most Chicanas and Chicanos of California now speak English as a primary language, nearly all have a living relative who speaks Spanish and many know of a relative who spoke an indigenous lan­ guage. (The mother in Luis Valdez's movie, La Bamba, refers to her Yaqui grandmother at one point). This issue of San Jose Studies offers the voices of and studies about Chicanas and Chicanos in the area surrounding San Jose. Through the poems and short fiction, we enter into the perspectives of imagined 6 characters and felt experiences, and through reviews of longer works we are invited to enlarge our acquaintance with imagined worlds-those vibrant worlds of the theatre and of the novel. Personal essays about what it was like to live in this area or to immigrate to it as a child, or about what verbal labels and exclusion can mean to a young person, convey the indi­ vidual experience embedded in an academic study. The visual pieces give us glimpses of highly developed art forms so much in evidence on the walls of stores, schools, and galleries in our area: the mural that docu­ ments events and people in a medium different from writing; the poster that combines images and words; the painting or the photograph, using "traditional" materials to convey non-traditional themes; they leave us with powerful non-verbal images. Academic studies of the Chicana and Chicano experiences are offered as well, as befits a journal published by the first public institution of higher learning in California: histories of the Chicano movement on campus and elsewhere in the state; studies of stereotyping and of how firmly Spanish (or some transformed version of Spanish) is part and parcel of Anglo-American literature; contrasting studies of migration to this area that highlight the different experiences of a woman without a supporting network and a man with the support of two parents and an extensive network of kin. A framework for this issue is provided by an essay on what it means to be a Chicano. Emesto Galarza, the late scholar-activist-visionary who authored this essay, is arguably the most respected Chicano of the San Jose area. It is to his memory and to his vision that we dedicate this special issue. -Roberto P. Haro and Patricia C. Nichols Guest Editors 7 ARTICLES· Social Work Education and the Chicano Experience Ernesto Galarza The author's death, in 1984, brought to a close an extraordinary life of study and action in the Chicano community. In December, 1973, he was a consultant to a three-day social work conference at San Jose State University, for which the following remarks were prepared. This is the first time that they have been pub­ lished for a wider audience. HE letter of instructions states that this is to be a three-day faculty T development conference. This is clear enough. When I was a freshman at Occidental I believed that students went to college to improve their faculties and that since their professors were their facul­ ties, a freshman's principal charge was to improve his professors. Having changed status in the last40years or so, I no longerbelievethisistrue, but I notice that my students persist in behaving as if it is. The letter also admonishes us that this is to be a nuts and bolts experi­ ence; and it kindly adds that