OCS Study BOEM 2014-1001 Arctic Air Quality Modeling Study : Emissions Inventory – Final Task Report US Department of the Interior Eastern Research Group, Inc. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management 8950 Cal Center Drive, Suite 325 Alaska OCS Region Sacramento, CA 95826 Arctic Air Quality Modeling Study-2012 Emissions Inventory and Future Year Projections [Page Intentionally Left Blank] OCS Study BOEM 2014-1001 Arctic Air Quality Modeling Study : Emissions Inventory – Final Task Report Prepared by: Eastern Research Group, Inc. 8950 Cal Center Drive, Suite 325 Sacramento, CA 95826 Prepared under Contract Number M13PC00014 for: U.S Department of Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management 3801 Centerpoint Drive, Suite 500 Anchorage, AK 99503-5823 US Department of the Interior Eastern Research Group, Inc. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management 8950 Cal Center Drive, Suite 325 Alaska OCS Region Sacramento, CA 95826 December 10, 2014 Arctic Air Quality Modeling Study-2012 Emissions Inventory and Future Year Projections Disclaimer This report has been reviewed by the BOEM and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Service, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Citation Fields Simms, P., R. Billings, M. Pring, R. Oommen, D. Wilson, and M. Wolf. 2014. Prepared by Eastern Research Group, Inc., Sacramento, CA for U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Alaska OCS Region, Anchorage, AK. OCS Study BOEM 2014-1001. 169 pp. Authors: Paula Fields Simms Richard Billings Marty Wolf Mike Pring Regi Oommen Darcy Wilson Acknowledgements This report would not have been possible without the contributions of the following staff at Eastern Research Group: Roger Chang, Allison DenBleyker, Bebhinn Do, Joe Fanjoy, Brandon Long, Janet Mangum, Heather Perez, Diane Preusse, Jennifer Sellers, Jody Tisano, and Stephen Treimel. Also, invaluable assistance was provided by the following individuals: Madeline Hickman (Olgoonik Corporation, Wainwright); Karin Landsberg and Aaron Simpson (Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation); Brad Smith (ConocoPhillips Alaska); Reid Smith and Alejandra Castano (BP); Ken Slatton (North Slope Borough Public Works Department, Barrow); Rick Sypek (Marine Exchange of Alaska); and, Edwin Tazruk (North Slope Borough Public Works Department, Wainwright); and, members of the Arctic Air Quality Modeling Study Science Review Group – Dr. David Allen, Dr. Brian Lamb, and Mr. Tom Moore. iii Arctic Air Quality Modeling Study-2012 Emissions Inventory and Future Year Projections Table of Contents Section Page I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ I-1 A. Arctic AQ Modeling Study Purpose .................................................................. I-2 B. Emissions Inventory Objectives and Protocol .................................................... I-2 C. Emissions Inventory Scope ............................................................................... I-3 1. Baseline and Future Scenarios ............................................................... I-4 2. Pollutants .............................................................................................. I-4 3. Inventory Sources .................................................................................. I-5 4. Geographic Domain and Spatial Resolution ........................................... I-5 5. Temporal Resolution ............................................................................. I-8 D. Arctic AQ Modeling Study Emissions Inventory Development Team ............... I-8 E. Report Organization .......................................................................................... I-8 II. DEVELOPMENT OF OFFSHORE EMISSIONS INVENTORY ................................ II-1 A. Oil/Gas Related Sources ................................................................................... II-1 1. Seismic Survey Operations ................................................................... II-1 2. Exploratory Drilling ............................................................................. II-5 B. Non-Oil/Gas Related Sources ........................................................................... II-8 1. Commercial Marine Vessels ................................................................. II-8 2. Research Vessels ................................................................................ II-13 III. DEVELOPMENT OF ONSHORE EMISSIONS INVENTORY ................................ III-1 A. Oil/Gas Related Sources ................................................................................. III-1 1. Seismic Survey Equipment ................................................................. III-1 2. Exploratory Drilling ........................................................................... III-1 3. Oil and Gas Production ....................................................................... III-4 B. Airports, Aircraft, and Support Equipment ................................................... III-19 C. TransAlaska Pipeline System ....................................................................... III-22 1. TAPS Pump Stations ........................................................................ III-23 2. TAPS Fugitive Emissions ................................................................. III-23 3. Natural Gas Supply Line Fugitive Emissions .................................... III-23 4. Pigging Operations ........................................................................... III-24 5. TAPS Patrol Vehicles ....................................................................... III-24 iv Arctic Air Quality Modeling Study-2012 Emissions Inventory and Future Year Projections 6. TAPS Pipeline Replacement and Repair ........................................... III-25 7. TAPS Aerial Surveillance ................................................................. III-25 D. Non-Oil/Gas Stationary Point, Area, and Mobile Sources ............................. III-26 1. Power Plants ..................................................................................... III-27 2. Industrial and Commercial/Institutional Fuel Combustion ................ III-28 3. Residential Fuel Combustion ............................................................ III-29 4. On-Road Motor Vehicles .................................................................. III-31 5. Nonroad Mobile Sources .................................................................. III-34 6. Road Dust......................................................................................... III-36 7. Waste Burning .................................................................................. III-38 8. Wastewater Treatment ...................................................................... III-39 9. Fuel Dispensing ................................................................................ III-39 IV. DEVELOPMENT OF EMISSIONS INVENTORY PROJECTIONS ......................... IV-1 A. Offshore Oil/Gas Related Sources .................................................................. IV-1 1. Survey Operations .............................................................................. IV-2 2. Exploratory Drilling ........................................................................... IV-6 3. Pipelaying and Associated Support Vessels ........................................ IV-8 4. Platform Construction....................................................................... IV-12 5. Platform Operation and Associated Support Vessels ......................... IV-15 6. Spills ................................................................................................ IV-20 B. Onshore Oil/Gas and Non-Oil/Gas Related Sources ..................................... IV-25 1. New Production Facilities ................................................................. IV-28 2. New Pipeline Construction and Operation ........................................ IV-30 3. Liberty Island Construction and Drilling ........................................... IV-30 C. Airports, Aircraft, and Supply Boat Terminal ............................................... IV-32 D. TransAlaska Pipeline System ....................................................................... IV-34 E. Non-Oil/Gas Stationary Point and Area Sources ........................................... IV-34 V. QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL ACTIVITIES ............................... V-1 A. Data Collection ............................................................................................... V-1 B. QA/QC Activities Implemented ...................................................................... V-2 1. Spreadsheets and Databases ................................................................. V-4 2. Documentation .................................................................................... V-4 3. Peer Review ........................................................................................ V-4 C. Blending/Merging of Sector Emissions Inventories ......................................... V-5 v Arctic Air Quality Modeling Study-2012 Emissions Inventory and Future Year Projections VI. EMISSIONS INVENTORY RESULTS ..................................................................... VI-1 A. Baseline Emissions Inventory .......................................................................