Key Facts - Ancient Egypt Timeline of Events 7500 BC: First settlers arrive in the Nile Valley. 3200 BC: Hieroglyphics are first used. 2640 BC: First pyramid is built. 2520 BC: The Great Sphinx is built. Key Vocabulary 1472 BC: Hapshepsut becomes caretaker ruler and declares herself a pharaoh. Amulet An object to protect its owner from harm of danger. 1332 BC: Tutankhamun begins his 10 year ruling as pharaoh. Archaeology The study of lives and culture of ancient people. 1100 BC: Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt split. Crop Plants grown on a farm. 332 BC: Alexander the Great conquers Egypt Fertile Able to produce many crops. 196 BC: Rosetta Stone is carved. Hieroglyphics Pictures and symbols used as a form of 51 BC: Queen Cleopatra’s reign begins and Egyptian writing instead of using letters. civilisation ends. 30 BC: Egypt becomes a Roman province. Irrigation A system to water the land to prepare it for growing crops. 1922 AD: Howard Carter discovers Tut’s tomb. Mummy/ A dead body that has been preserved or dried out/the process of making a Importance of the River Nile Mummification mummy. Crops are grown in the green areas along the River Nile. Papyrus A plant from the bank of the River Nile The Nile flooded every year, leaving rich soil which was good used to make paper, sandals, baskets to grow food. and rope. Boats were used to travel up and down the country to trade. Pharaoh A supreme ancient Egyptian ruler (king A system of canals that led from the Nile were also used to or queen), considered a god. water fields in other areas (irrigation). Pyramids A triangular building built as a tomb Mud from the Nile would be used to make bricks. for pharaohs to be buried in. The Nile was important for fishing, using boats and nets. Sarcophagus A stone coffin for a mummy. Near the Nile, a plant called flax was grown which once dried, was used to make linen clothes. Papyrus plants were turned into paper. Sphinx A mythical creature with body of a lion and the head of a pharaoh. Trade The act of buying, selling or exchang- Egyptian Pharaohs ing (swapping) goods or services. 1. Narmer—The first pharaoh of all Egypt in 3150 BC. 2. Ramesses II reigned for 67 years and had over 100 children. Facts 3. Hapshepsut - The first and longest reigning female. Egypt is a country in North East Africa. 4. Tutankhamun—The youngest pharaoh. His burial tomb is in the Valley of Kings. The River Nile is 4,162 miles long. 5. Cleopatra—Married her brother Ptolemy XIII which was Egyptian tradition at the time. They ate wheat, barley, melons, pulses, grapes, cattle, sheep, pigs, fish and bees. The Egyptians lived in mud brick homes. Egyptians believed in the Afterlife and worshipped over 2000 god and goddesses. Canopic jars stored intestines, liver, lungs and stomach. The heart remained (believed to be the soul). 2 3 4 5 .