CONSERVATISM AN ANTHOLOGY OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL THOUGHT FROM DAVID HUME TO THE PRESENT EDITED BY Jerry Z. Muller PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY CONTENTS • Preface xiii Acknowledgments xvii Introduction: What is Conservative Social and Political Thought? 3 Chapter 1. Enlightenment Conservatism 32 David Hume "Of Justice," from An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals (17'51) Introduction 32 Text 36 "Of the Origin of Government" (1777) "Of the Original Contract" (1748) "Of Passive Obedience" (1748) Introduction 46 Texts 48 Edmund Burke "Preface" to A Vindication of Natural Society (Second Edition, 1757) Introduction 63 Text 66 Justus Moser "On the Diminished Disgrace of Whores and Their Children in Our Day" (1772) Introduction 70 Text 71 "No Promotion According to Merit" (c. 1770) Introduction 74 Text 75 viii CONTENTS Chapter 2. The Critique of Revolution 78 Edmund Burke Reflections on the Revolution in Erance (1790) Introduction 78 Text 83 mis de Bonald On Divorce (1801) Introduction 123 Text 126 Joseph de Maistre Essay on the Generative Principle of Political Constitutions and of Other Human Institutions (1814) Introduction 134 Text 136 James Madison "Federalist No. 49" (1788) Introduction 146 Text 150 Rufus Choate "The Position and Functions of the American Bar, as an Element of Conservatism in the State" (1845) Introduction 152 Text 155 Chapter 3. Authority , 167 Matthew Arnold Culture and Anarchy (1869) Introduction 167 Text 171 James Fitzjames Stephen Liberty, Equality, Fraternity (1874) Introduction 187 Text 189 CONTENTS ix Chapter 4. Inequality 210 W. H. Mallock Aristocracy and Evolution: A Study of the Rights, the Origin, and Social Functions of the Wealthier Classes (1898) Introduction 210 Text 213 Joseph A. Schumpeter "Aptitude and Social Mobility" (1927) Introduction 222 Text 224 Chapter 5. The Critique of Good Intentions 233 William Graham Sumner "Sociological Fallacies" (1884) "On the Case of a Certain Man Who Is Never Thought Of" (1883) "An Examination of a Noble Sentiment" (c. 1887) Introduction 233 Texts 237 Chapter 6. War 249 T. E. Hulme "Essays on War" (1916) Introduction 249 Text 251 Chapter 7. Democracy 261 Carl Schmitt "When Parliament Cannot be Sovereign" (1931) Introduction 261 Text 267 Joseph A. Schumpeter "Political Leadership and Democracy" (1942) Introduction 275 Text 277 x CONTENTS Chapter 8. The Limits of Rationalism 285 Winston Churchill "Speech on Rebuilding the House of Commons" (1943) Introduction 285 Text 286 Michael Oakeshott "Rationalism in Politics" (1947) Introduction 290 Text 292 Friedrich Hayek "The Errors of Constructivism" (1970) The Mirage of Social Justice (1973) Introduction 313 Texts 318 Edward Banfield The Unheavenly City Revisited (1974) Introduction 335 Text 338 Chapter 9. The Critique of Social and Cultural Emancipation 358 Irving Kristol "Pornography, Obscenity, and the Case for Censorship" (1971) Introduction 358 Text 361 Peter L. Berger and Richard John Neuhaus To Empower People: The Role of Mediating Structures in Public Policy (1977) Introduction 372 Text 374 Hermann Liibbe "The Social Consequences of Attempts to Create Equality" (1984) Introduction 390 Text 393 CONTENTS xi Chapter 10. Between Social Science and Cultural Criticism 401 Arnold Gehlen "On Culture, Nature, and Naturalness" (1958) "Man and Institutions" (1960) Introduction 401 Texts 404 Philip Rieff "Toward a Theory of Culture" (1966) Introduction 411 Text 414 Afterword: Recurrent Tensions and Dilemmas of Conservative Thought 421 Guide to Further Reading 427 Index 443.