USAID/MADAGASCAR USAID/MADAGASCAR GENDER ANALYSIS FOR THE 2020–2025 COUNTRY DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION STRATEGY This publication was produced for the United States Agency for International Development, contract AID-7200AA19M00013. Implemented by Banyan Global 1120 20th Street NW, Suite 950 Washington, DC 20036 www.banyanglobal.com Phone: +1 202-684-9367 Disclaimer: The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States government. Recommended Citation: Jane Kellum, Holitiana Randrianarimanana, Landy Miary Andrianaivosoa, and Sue Telingator. USAID/Madagascar Gender Analysis Report. Prepared by Banyan Global. 2020. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................................................................1 ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................................................................................2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................................................4 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................................... 12 1.1 BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................................................................... 12 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE USAID/COUNTRY GENDER ANALYSIS ................................................................................. 12 2. COUNTRY CONTEXT AND GENDER LANDSCAPE .................................................................................................... 13 2.1 COUNTRY CONTEXT AND BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................... 13 2.2 GENDER EQUALITY OVERVIEW, BY USAID ADS 205 GENDER ANALYSIS DOMAIN .................................... 15 3. DO 1 IMPROVED HUMAN CAPACITY TO CONTRIBUTE TO JOURNEY TO SELF-RELIANCE .................. 20 3.1 IMPACT OF COVID-19 ............................................................................................................................................... 21 3.2 IR 1.1: SUSTAINABLE HEALTH IMPACTS ACCELERATED .................................................................................... 22 3.3 IR 1.2: BASIC EDUCATION OUTCOMES IMPROVED ............................................................................................ 30 3.4 IR 1.3: VULNERABILITY TO SHOCKS REDUCED ................................................................................................... 35 4. DO2: IMPROVED GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABLITY AND EFFECTIVENESS TO MITIGATE POLITICAL INSTABLITY ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 42 4.1 IMPACT OF COVID-19 ............................................................................................................................................... 42 4.2 DO2 CROSSCUTTING THEMES ............................................................................................................................... 43 4.3 1R 2.1 GOM DEMONSTRATES INCREASED COMMITMENT TO ENFORCING RULE OF LAW .................... 45 4.4 1R 2.2 INCREASED GOM ACCESS TO AND EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES FOR DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................................................................................................. 47 4.5 IR 2.3 GOM ESTABLISHES FOUNDATIONAL CONDITIONS FOR IMPROVED RESPONSIVENESS TO CITIZENS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 49 5. DO 3: MORE-SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ARE AVAILABLE FOR POOR POPULATIONS (PRIMARILY WITHIN THE AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECTORS) .................................................. 52 5.1 IMPACT OF COVID-19 ............................................................................................................................................... 52 5.2 IR 3.1: NATURAL-RESOURCES SUSTAINABLY MANAGED ................................................................................. 53 5.3 IR 3.2: IMPROVED ENABLING ENVIRONMENT FOR PRIVATE SECTOR ........................................................... 58 5.4 IR 3.3: CAPACITY OF ECONOMIC ACTORS ALONG VALUE CHAIN IMPROVED .......................................... 63 6. USAID/MADAGASCAR INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND PRACTICE ON GENDER EQUALITY AND SOCIAL INCLUSION ..................................................................................................................................................................... 67 6.1 KEY FINDINGS ............................................................................................................................................................. 67 6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................................................... 71 ANNEX A: SCOPE OF WORK ................................................................................................................................................... 73 ANNEX B: METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................................................................... 81 ANNEX C: REFERENCE LIST ...................................................................................................................................................... 84 ANNEX D: INTERVIEW GUIDES FOR THE GENDER ANALYSIS .................................................................................... 97 ANNEX E: LIST OF KEY INFORMANTS ................................................................................................................................ 108 ENDNOTES .................................................................................................................................................................................... 111 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors thank Dr. Porsha Childs (USAID/Madagascar) for facilitating the organization of the gender- analysis activities and providing insight and guidance. Gratitude is due to those at USAID/Madagascar who participated in interviews or shared feedback through the survey. We appreciate USAID’s partners and other stakeholders who participated in the consultations and shared their experiences and recommendations, greatly contributing to USAID’s efforts to enhance gender equality and women’s empowerment in Madagascar for the coming years. A special thanks to Victoria Rames and Caroline English from the USAID Gender Integration Technical Assistance II Task Order team at Banyan Global whose support was instrumental. 1 | USAID/MADAGASCAR CDCS GENDER ANALYSIS USAID.GOV ACRONYMS ADS Automated Directives System AFD African Development Bank AOR Agreement officer’s representative AYSRH Adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health BIANCO Independent Anti-Corruption Bureau BNC-REDD National Bureau on Climate Change, Carbon, and REDD+ BNGRC National Bureau for Disaster Risk Management/Bureau National de Gestion de Risques et Chocs CDCS Country Development Cooperation Strategy CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women CEFM Child, early, and forced marriage CHW Community health worker CLD Local Development Committee/Comité Local de Développement COR Contracting officer’s representative CPCU Committee on Prevention and Support to Crisis Management/Cellule de la Prévention et d’Appui à la Gestion des Urgences CPR Contraceptive prevalence rate CRIC Committee for Reflection among Disaster-Response Partners/Comité de Réflexion des Intervenants aux Catastrophes CSB Centre de Santé de Base CSO Civil society organization DO Development objective DRG Democracy, human rights, and governance DRM Disaster risk management DRR Disaster risk reduction EGR Early-grade reading ENSOMD National Survey on the Millenium Development Goals/Enquête Nationale sur le Suivi des Objectifs du Millénaire pour le Développement ESP Education Sector Plan FO Front office FP Family planning FSN Foreign service national GA Gender analysis GBV Gender-based violence GDP Gross domestic product GESI Gender and social inclusion GHP Global Health Program GITA Gender Integration Technical Assistance GOM Government of Madagascar GRB Gender-responsive budgeting HPN Health, Population, and Nutrition IDEA Integrated Development Emergency Assistance IGA Income-generating activities IEM Initiative Emergence Madagascar INSTAT Institut National de la Statistique IPM Institut Pasteur de Madagascar IPV Intimate partner violence IR Intermediate result J2SR Journey to Self-Reliance USAID.GOV USAID/MADAGASCAR CDCS GENDER ANALYSIS | 2 JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency LGBTI Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual, and intersex LSD Government Land Services Department/Service du Domaine MAEP Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries MCH Maternal and child health MEL Monitoring, evaluation, and learning MEN Ministry of National Education MESD Ministry of Environment