Great Basin Naturalist Volume 46 Number 1 Article 6 1-31-1986 Utah flora: Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Sherel Goodrich USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, Utah Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn Recommended Citation Goodrich, Sherel (1986) "Utah flora: Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 46 : No. 1 , Article 6. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol46/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. UTAH FLORA: APIACEAE (UMBELLIFERAE) Sherel Goodrich' Abstract— Eighty-four taxa in 30 genera of the parsley family, Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) are treated for Utah. Four of the genera with one species each that escape from cultivation are included in the key but not in the text. Keys to genera, species and infraspecific taxa are provided, along with detailed descriptions, distributional data, and pertinent comments. Proposed new taxa are Cymopteriis acaulis (Pursh) Raf var. parvus Goodrich and Lomatiiun scabrum (Coult. & Rose) Mathias var. tripinnatus Goodrich. New combinations include: Cymopteriis acaulis (Pursh) Raf. \ar. fendleri (Gray) Goodrich and var. higginsii (Welsh) Goodrich; Cymopteriis purpureus Wats. var. jonesii (Coult. & Rose) Goodrich and var. rosei (Jones) Goodrich; Cymopteriis terebinthinus (Hook.) T. & G. var. petraeus (Jones) Goodrich. This paper is another in a series leading to a about 3,000 species worldwide) also contributes definitive treatment of the flora of Utah. Pre- to difficulty in identification. vious papers have dealt with the Brassicaceae Among those of the Old World introduced, (Cruciferae), Fabaceae (Leguminosae), Rosa- cultivated members of the family are caraway ceae, Asteraceae (Compositae), Sahcaceae, {Carum carvi), carrot (Dauctis carota ssp. sa- Cactaceae, Chenopodiaceae, and miscella- tivus), celery (Apiimi graveolens), dill {Anethutn neous smaller families. graveolens), ground elder (Aegopodium poda- The parsley family presents a formidable graria, parsley {Petroselinum crispwn), and challenge to students of plant taxonomy and to parsnip {Pastinaca sativa ssp. sylvestris). Other others who need to identify its members. The introductions from the Old World include: family itself is well marked, but some generic hedge parsley {Torilis arvensis), poison hemlock lines within it are fraught with difficulty. It is {Coniiim macidatiim), sweet fennel {Foenicidum interwoven with look-alikes often of different vulgare), wild carrot {Daucus carota ssp. and sometimes distantly related genera. Flo- carota), and wild parsnip {Pastinaca sativa ssp. ral structures are reduced and uniform. The sativa). The toxic nature of poison hemlock has calyx is lacking or reduced to mere teeth. long been known, and water hemlock {Cicuto Petals are only about 1-2 mm lon^ in our taxa macidata) is probably the most violently poi- except in Heracleum . Color variation of petals sonous plant of our native flora. Many othei is basically restricted to yellow and white, and members of the family such as western sweel occasionally purple. Yellow petals very often cicely (Osmorhiza occidcntalis) and spring pars- turn white or cream when dried, and a num- ley {Cymopteriis spp.) are used extensively b> ber of taxa described from dried specimens as hvestock and wildlife without apparent harm. having white petals have been proven by field Measurements of rays, pedicels, and fruit studies to have fresh petals that are yellow. were taken from specimens with mature fruits. The reduction and uniformity of floral parts At the end of the discussion of each taxon there requires the use of fruiting and vegetative are two numbers. The first, in Arabic numerals, features for separation of taxa. The features of indicates the number of Utah specimens exam- the mature fruit are quite diagnostic, but this ined for the taxon. The second, in Roman nu- does not help in identification of specimens merals, indicates the number collected in Utaf collected in flowering condition. Vegetative by the author. features are used extensively in the keys of this work, but these features are extremely Acknowledgments variable. The size of the family (30 genera and Appreciation is expressed to Dr. Arthui 84 tiixa in Utah and about 300 genera and Cronfjuist for permitting me to examine his USDA Forest Service, Intermuuntain Research Station. Forest Service, U. S. Dipartnunt o( Agriculture, Ogden. Utah 84401. Present address: Verna Ranger District. Ashley National Forest, Vernal, Utah 84078. 66 January 1986 GOODRICH: Utah Flora, Apiaceae 67 Apiaceae manuscript for the Intermountain wirelike entire or bifid to divided carpophore Flora. His observations of the carpophore in or remaining adherent and then the car- Cymopterus have been especially helpful. pophore usually lacking or poorly developed Beverly Albee helped with distribution maps and usually adnate to the commissural faces, for all species. These maps were helpful to each mericarp usually 5-nerved, 3 of the understanding possible relationships of taxa as nerves dorsal and 2 on the lateral margins, the well as distributions. Appreciation is also ex- nerves filiform to winged, or obscure or lack- pressed to the directors and curators of the ing, the intervals between the nerves com- following herbaria of the state: Brigham monly with 1 or more oil-tubes, the commis- Young University, Provo; Forest Service sural faces often with 2 or more oil-tubes. Herbarium, Ogden; Garrett Herbarium, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Inter- mountain Herbarium, Utah State University, References Logan. I appreciate the loans from each of these herbaria. These specimens are the basis Arnovv, L . B Albee, and A. Wycoff 1980. Flora of the of this work. During the course of this project, central Wasatch Front, Utah. Univ. of Utah Print- numerous specimens have been sent to Dr. ing Service, Salt Lake City. 663 pp. Lincoln Constance (a student of the family for Hitchcock, C. L,, and A. Cronquist. 1961. Vascular more than 40 years) for annotation. His plants of the Pacific Northwest. Part 3: Sax- ifragaceae to Ericaceae. Univ. Washington Publ. prompt and congenial replies are greatly ap- Biol. Vol. 17. 614 pp. preciated. The concepts of several taxa are Mathias, M E . AND L Constance 1944-1945. Umbel- is dedi- based on his annotations. This work liferae. N. Am. Fl. 28B;43-297. cated to him. 1. Leaves peltate, simple, orbicular; flowers in a verticellate spikelike inflorescence; Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) plants rhizomatous, of Washington County Hydrocotyle Parsley Family — Leaves not as above; flowers in compound Annual, biennial, or perennial acaulescent umbels, or globose heads (in a few taxa of or caulescent herbaceous plants from tap- Cymopterus)., plants rarely rhizomatous 2 roots, rhizomes, fibrous or tuberous roots, or 2(1). Plants caulescent; pseudoscape lacking; the caudices; leaves simple to decompound, peti- few to several peduncles mostly shorter than leafy on which they are borne; styles oles often dilated and partly sheathing at the the stem rarely over 1 mm long; stylopodium present base or the upper leaves reduced to dilated and petals white in native taxa except Zizia sheaths; inflorescence mostly of compound and in a few taxa keyed both ways 3 umbels, the primary umbels with or without a — Plants acaulescent, the leaves sometimes subtending involucre of bracts, the secondary whorled atop a pseudoscape, or if subcaules- umbels (umbellets) with or without a subtend- cent then the usually solitary peduncle longer ing involucel of bractlets; flowers mostly regu- than the short, leafy stem on which it is borne, and lateral umbels if any mostly borne on the lar, perfect, or some of them staminate or lower 1/3 of the plant; styles often over 1 mm sterile; calyx of 5 teeth or lobes, or obsolete, long; stylopodium lacking in all but Podisteria usually inflexed at or lacking; petals 5, small, and in taxa keyed both ways; petals yellow, the tip, mostly white or yellow, occasionally white, or purple 4 purple; stamens 5, small, alternate with the Leaves simple, pinnate or ternate; leaflets 2- 3(2). petals; ovary inferior, bicarpellate, mostly sessile Key I loculed, with 1 ovule per locule, the two styles — Primary leaflets usually petiolulate Key II with or without a conical base (stylopodium); with 3-9 leaf- fruit a dry schizocarp of 2 mericarps united by 4(2). Leaves ternate or biternate lets or rarely a few simple, usually only their faces (the commmissure) nearly terete, 2-3 per plant; leaflets 1.5-7 (11.5) cm long, dorsally compressed (compression parallel to entire, linear or nearly so; plants 5- 10 cm tall, abroad commissure), or laterally compressed from a globose or fusiform tuber; petals (compression, contrary to a narrow commis- white Orogenia sure); mericarps separating at maturity and — Leaves and leaflets not as above or if so then apically attached to and pendulous from a fine plants mostly taller and/or petals yellow 5 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 46, No. 1 5(4). Stylopodium low conic; plants of the Raft 6(5). Umbels sessile or nearly so; leaflets ovate to River and Uinta mountains, mostly above suborbicular, 3-lobed to near the middle; 2,440 m, sometimes with a lateral umbel in fruit about 1.5 mm long; plants cultivated and the axil ofa bract or leaf on the upper 1/2 of the rarely escaping except in Washington County stem, glabrous; involucels lacking or of 1-2 (celery) Apium graveolens L. linear bractlets; fruit 3-6 mm long; petals — Umbels not sessile except sometimes the ter- white Ligusticum minal one; leaflets variously shaped, but not ovate to suborbicular — Stylopodium lacking except in Podistera; and lobed to near the middle; fruit more than 1.5 long except in plants not as above in all features; involucels mm Berula , plants various 7 mostly present; fruit mostly longer or petals yellow 6 7(6).