Contextual background to Woods In and Around Towns (WIAT) Longitudinal Survey 2006‐2009 August 2010 Prepared for Forestry Commission Scotland by Jenny Roe and Catharine Ward Thompson OPENspace: the research centre for inclusive access to outdoor environments Edinburgh College of Art Lauriston Place Edinburgh EH3 9DF Tel: 0131 221 6177 [email protected] Contents 1.0 Introduction.......................................................................................................................2 2.0 Methods ............................................................................................................................3 3.0 Contextual Data for Glasgow and Aberdeen, 2006‐2009 ..................................................4 3.1 Comparing data at a city wide level using national data sources by case study area.....4 3.2 Comparing data at a local level using city specific reports and data by case study area ....................................................................................................................................11 4.0 Changes over time (2006‐2009) in the local social and environmental context by case study area..............................................................................................................................21 4.1 Drumchapel..................................................................................................................21 4.2 Milton...........................................................................................................................23 4.3 Aberdeen......................................................................................................................24 5.0 Discussion ........................................................................................................................26 6.0 Limitations of the review.................................................................................................29 7.0 Conclusions......................................................................................................................30 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................... 30 References.............................................................................................................................31 1 1.0 Introduction The report explores the social and physical context for the Woods In and Around Town (WIAT) longitudinal study carried out between the periods of 2006‐2009. It should be read in conjunction with findings from the main WIAT (2006‐2009) report, Ward Thompson et al (2010). The purpose of this report is two‐fold: 1. To compare WIAT data with other data available for our case study areas comprising two sites in Glasgow (Milton (Control site) and Drumchapel) and three in Aberdeen (Seaton, Auchmill and Woodside) in order to compare trends in the WIAT data with data for the equivalent city‐wide populations and, specifically, other areas of high deprivation. 2. To establish what changes have occurred in the social and physical environment over time at a local level that might have impacted on health and wellbeing and perceptions of the local environment: for example, physical environmental changes, changes in housing, healthy living initiatives, etc. In presenting our findings we have focused on some key indicators of health and wellbeing, physical activity and satisfaction levels with local neighbourhood and open space. Owing to the complexity and sheer breadth of contextual data that might be gathered in each city over three years, this report provides a snapshot picture only, and includes some recommendations for where extra data sourcing might be carried out. 2 2.0 Methods In gathering relevant data and information, three main methods were applied: 1. Sourcing and analysis of national (Scottish) data sets available publicly; 2. Sourcing and analysis of reports carried out by other institutions (e.g. Glasgow Centre for Population Studies); 3. Sourcing and liaising with people at a local level regarding changes in environment etc. Notes: 1. Since our case study areas fall within the 15% most deprived areas of Scotland1, we have focused on sourcing comparative data in equivalent areas of high deprivation. 2. The contextual data gathered excludes the policy context specific to each city.2 3. Where similar patterns are found between WIAT data and other data sources, these are emphasized in italics in the text. 1 In the data collected the highest areas of deprivation by SIMD are sometimes referred to as ‘the bottom 15% of deprived areas’ ; for consistency with our earlier reporting on WIAT we refer to ‘the top 15%’. 2 In Glasgow, for instance, the policy context is complex and has changed in recent years, e.g. the emergence of Community Health (and Care) Partnerships (CHPS) in 2006 as a vehicle for delivery of health and social care services at a local level and changes to the performance assessment framework that have led to an increased focus on some health behaviours such as diet and exercise (NGSGGC Health and Wellbeing Survey 2008, Trends report) http://www.phru.net/rande/Health%20and%20Wellbeing%202008/Trends%20Final%20Report.pdf). 3 3.0 Contextual Data for Glasgow and Aberdeen, 2006‐2009 3.1 Comparing data at a city‐wide level using national data sources by case study area Data sources consulted: Scottish Household Survey (SHS) 2007/2008 including 1) Local Authority Tables for Glasgow and Aberdeen 2007/2008 <http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/16002/LATablesAnnual2 007‐2008> 2) SPSS data file www.esds.ac.uk, with data selected by local authority (Aberdeen City and Greater Glasgow and Clyde) and by SIMD (1= 15% most deprived). Scottish Health Survey 2008: www.esds.ac.uk, data selected by local authority and by SIMD as for above. Scottish Social Attitudes 2008, whole dataset (unable to select data geographically). SEABS 2008, whole dataset (unable to select data geographically, plus very small sample sizes). Other data sources that could be consulted in future for further lifestyle data include the Scottish Recreation Survey (produced by SNH 2003:2008). 4 3.1.1 Comparing data on quality of neighbourhood (see Table 1) Aberdeen: the fall over time in local neighbourhood satisfaction levels in the WIAT data is not reflected in patterns for Aberdeen city as a whole (SHS 07‐08), where satisfaction levels have increased over time. However, satisfaction levels are worse in the 15% most deprived areas of Aberdeen as compared to the city as a whole (16% fewer rating the area as a good place to live, 07‐08) but this is based on a very small sample size (n=69). The SHS 07‐08 reports lower satisfaction ratings for Aberdeen than for Glasgow, a pattern reflected in the WIAT data. Glasgow: the dramatic rise in satisfaction levels across both Glasgow WIAT case study areas over time (+27% in Drumchapel) is not reflected in SHS 07‐08 which reports much more modest increases in satisfaction levels city wide over 3 years (+2%). But on rating change in the neighbourhood over last 3 years, 23% in the 15% most deprived (SIMD) areas perceived the neighbourhood has improved (SHS 08‐09). Table 1: Comparing data on quality of neighbourhood Data Question Aberdeen City Aberdeen Glasgow City Glasgow Source SIMD top 15% SIMD top 15% Scottish Rating area as a increase from 79% (07‐08) Increase 78% (07‐08) Household good place to 92% (2006) to (n=69) from 83% (n=977) Survey live as 95% (2009) (2006) to 2007/2008 (very/fairly (n=943)3 85% (2009)4 good) WIAT 2006‐ (A1) Satisfaction ‐ Decrease from ‐ Milton 2009 with quality of 67% (2006) to 70% (2006), life in 60% (2009). 89% (2009) neighbourhood (n=118) Drumchapel (very satisfied 61% (2006), /satisfied) 88% (2009) Scottish Rating ‐ 15.9% (07‐08) ‐ 23.3% (07‐08) Household neighbourhood, (n=69) (n=946) Survey same or worse 2007/2008 over last 3 years (much/a little better) 3 Trend reported in Local Authority Tables 2007/2008. The tables include some comparable data (on some variables only) from 1999 onwards for each city location. 4 Trend reported in Local Authority Tables 2007/2008 5 3.1.2 Comparing data on self‐reported general health (See Table 2) Aberdeen: self reported general health in the WIAT sample is substantially lower than that reported in equivalent 15% most deprived parts of Aberdeen (30% fewer reporting ‘very good/ good health’ in comparison to Scottish Health Survey 2008) and much lower than the city wide average (40% fewer when compared to SHS 07‐08). Glasgow: the general health of our WIAT sample seems to match self reported general health in the 15% most deprived parts of Glasgow (Scottish Health Survey 08) although the scores are lower for Drumchapel. Table 2: Comparing data on self‐reported general health Data Source Question Aberdeen Aberdeen Glasgow City Glasgow City SIMD top SIMD top 15% 15% Scottish State of n=908 n=81 n=2490 n=1199 Household respondents health 85% 72.8% 79.1% 73.3% Survey over past 12 months 2007/2008 rated good/ fairly (07‐08) (07‐08) (07‐08) (07‐08) good Scottish General health n=57 n=943 Health Survey rated very 75.4% 64.1% 2008 good/good (2008) (2008) WIAT 2006‐ General health 45% Milton 2009 rated very 64% (2009) good/good Drumchapel 61% (2009) 6 3.1.3 Comparing data on physical activity (see Table 3) Aberdeen: Our WIAT sample is exercising c. 10% less (in 8‐14 days/month category) than samples from 15% most deprived areas in Aberdeen. Glasgow: Similarly our WIAT sample is exercising less (c. 19% less) than