Explanation for Each Major Topic in the World Handicap System Each of these one-page documents explain a key topic in the WHS Page # Topic 2 Course Rating System 3 Course Handicap Calculation 4 Playing Handicap Calculation 5 Minimum Number of Scores Required to Obtain a Handicap Index 6 Maximum Handicap Index 7 Maximum Hole Score (Net Double Bogey) 8 Hole(s) not Played/9-Hole Scores 9 Five Significant Changes to the Handicap Index Calculation 10 Basis of a Handicap Index (Number of Differentials Used) 11 Playing Conditions Calculation (PCC) 12 Exceptional Score Reduction (ESR) 13 Limit on Upward Movement of a Handicap Index (CAP) 14 Daily Revisions – Posting Scores in a Timely Manner 15 Handicap Committee 16 Allied Golf Associations 17 Questions 1 Course Rating System The USGA Course Rating System will be referred to as “The Course Rating System” and will join “The Rules of Handicapping” to form the World Handicap System. Reasons for Change: ➢ The Course Rating System has been implemented by National Associations and allows a player’s Handicap Index to be used from course to course and country to country. ➢ To enable acceptable scores made at any rated golf course in the world to be submitted for handicap purposes. o For those who travel internationally, this will be a welcomed change as scores made outside the U.S. will easily be factored into their Handicap Index calculation. ➢ To provide an accurate and consistent measure of the difficulty of a golf course by ensuring that playing length and obstacle factors are evaluated the same way worldwide. o Since golf courses are rated by qualified teams trained by Authorized Associations, the integrity of the World Handicap System will be maintained. 2 Course Handicap Calculation A Course Handicap will represent the number of strokes a player receives in relation to the Par of the tees being played. The formula will include a Course Rating minus Par adjustment Course Handicap = Handicap Index × (Slope Rating ÷ 113) + (Course Rating – Par) If the Course Rating is higher then par, then Course Handicap will go up. If the Course Rating is lower than par, then Course Handicap will go down. Reasons for Change: ➢ Under the previous system, when players competed from different tees, a Course Handicap adjustment based on the Course Rating difference had to take place to make the game fair. o This adjustment was necessary because players competing from different tees were competing with different benchmarks (different Course Ratings). o The adjustment under Section 3-5, as we once knew, has generated confusion and there were challenges with its implementation over the years. ➢ Applying Course Rating minus Par within the Course Handicap calculation will allow players to compete from different tees without any adjustment – unless a difference in Par exists. ➢ Under the previous system, it was common for Course Handicap values to change very little from tee to tee. o Confusion existed because the Course Handicap value only accounted for the number of strokes needed to play to the respective Course Rating. ➢ Course Handicap values will change more from tee to tee, as they will represent the number of strokes to play to Par. Par is a term that resonates with golfers, so setting Par as the benchmark for a Course Handicap adds simplicity to handicapping. ➢ Players will be able to determine their Target Scores (the score they’ll shoot if they play to their handicap) by simply adding their Course Handicap + Par. 3 Playing Handicap Calculation The term “Playing Handicap” will represent the number of strokes a player receives in a competition. The following formula will be used to determine a Playing Handicap: Playing Handicap = Course Handicap X Handicap Allowance If players are competing from tees with different Pars, then the player(s) competing from the tees with the higher Par will receive an additional stroke(s) based on the difference. Reasons for Change: ➢ By introducing the term Playing Handicap, there will be a clear distinction between two key Rules of Handicapping definitions, where both serve specific purposes: o A Course Handicap will be used to adjust individual hole scores (Net Double Bogey and Net Par procedures). o Playing Handicaps will be used for net competition purposes – including determining the results and winner(s). ➢ Under the previous system, confusion existed because there was only one defined term that often represented two different values. o For example – With the previous system, a player with a Course Handicap of 21 participating in a four-ball stroke play competition and using the recommended Handicap Allowance of 85% received 18 strokes during the round. In 2020, the 18 strokes received will be their Playing Handicap. ➢ The defined term Playing Handicap will be intuitive and ensure that both terms are applied properly. 4 Minimum Number of Scores Required to Obtain a Handicap Index A Handicap Index will be issued to a player after three 18-hole scores are submitted and a revision takes place. ❑ Scores can be made up of any combination of 9-hole and 18-hole scores. ❑ Revisions will be daily, so a player’s Handicap Index will become active the day after their third 18-hole score is submitted. Reasons for Change: ➢ One of the key principles of the World Handicap System is to enable as many golfers as possible the opportunity to establish and maintain a Handicap Index. ➢ By requiring fewer scores, players who only play sporadically may be more likely to obtain a Handicap Index. ➢ Statistics show that players with a Handicap Index play more rounds of golf, so making it easier to get a Handicap Index can help increase participation 5 Maximum Handicap Index The maximum Handicap Index for all golfers will be 54.0, regardless of gender. Reasons for Change: ➢ To make the game more welcoming to new players and incentivize beginners to establish and maintain a Handicap Index. ➢ To provide all players with a more precise measure of their demonstrated ability and allow players of all skill levels to track their progress in the game. ➢ By encouraging novice and recreational players to get a Handicap Index, they’ll be provided with opportunities to learn about the Rules of Handicapping. ➢ Statistics show that players with a Handicap Index play more rounds of golf. Therefore, making the system more welcoming can help grow the game and create a more sustainable future. ➢ Although the maximum Handicap Index is 54.0, the Committee in charge of the Competition can set a lower maximum limit for entry or use in competitions. 6 Maximum Hole Score (Net Double Bogey) The maximum hole score for each player will be limited to a Net Double Bogey, calculated as follows: Double Bogey + handicap strokes a player receives (or gives) based on their Course Handicap (“or gives” only applies to plus handicap players) Reasons for Change: ➢ While this is a change for all who have used the USGA Handicap System, Net Double Bogey has been used successfully in many parts of the world – as it is the equivalent to zero points in the Net Stableford format of play. ➢ The Net Double Bogey adjustment is more consistent from hole to hole than the ESC procedure. o For example – Using the ESC procedure, a player with a Course Handicap of 21 would have the same maximum score (8) on each hole – regardless of the Par or difficulty of the hole. o By factoring in Par and Stroke Index values under the Net Double Bogey procedure, adjusted hole scores will be more precise and reflective of each player’s demonstrated ability. 7 Hole(s) Not Played net par. ➢ A score of Net Par (what used to be Par Plus) will be used for holes not played, and the maximum hole score for handicap purposes will be a Net Double Bogey. Having a Course Handicap that is relative to Par will ensure that the correct number of strokes are received and applied for both procedures. Nine-Hole Scores To submit a nine-hole score, a player must play 7 to 13 holes under the Rules of Golf. When 14 or more holes are played, the score submitted qualifies as an 18- hole score. ❑ nine-hole scores are combined in the order that they are received and used to produce an 18- hole Score Differential. Reasons for Change: ➢ To ensure that each player has one Handicap Index and one Scoring Record under the World Handicap System. ➢ The method for calculating a Handicap Index will be the same worldwide, and this applies whether a player submits all 9-hole scores, 18-hole scores, or a combination of both. ➢ To enhance the integrity of the Handicap Index calculation. o Under the previous system, when a player with a nine-hole Handicap Index (N) competed in an 18-hole competition, doubling their nine-hole Handicap Index (N) was not always fair – as the player(s) doubling their nine-hole Handicap Index (N) were sometimes at a disadvantage and received one or two fewer strokes than they would with an 18- hole Handicap Index. 8 Five Significant Changes to the Handicap Index calculation These topics are discussed in detail on the mentioned pages in this handout 1) The minimum number of scores required: (see page 5) 2) The number of differentials used: (see page 10) 3) A Playing Conditions Calculation (PCC) (see page 11) 4) An Exceptional Score Reduction that considers all scores (ESR) (see page 12) 5) The Addition of a Soft Cap and Hard Cap to limit upward movement (see page 13) 9 Basis of a Handicap Index Number of Differentials Used When a score is submitted, it will be converted to a Score Differential based on the Course Rating and Slope Rating of the tees that were played.