Common Control Measures Cirsium arvense Canada thistle For Invasive Plants of the Pacific Northwest Region Prepared by: Linda Mazzu USDA Forest Service, Region 6 Invasive Plants EIS Team March 31, 2005 Editor’s note added August 9, 2006 From Preventing and Managing Invasive Plants Final Environmental Impact StatementApril 2005 Used by permission Mazzu Common Control Measures Table of Contents Introduction................................................................................................................................. 3 Some Tips to Consider............................................................................................................ 5 Prioritizing Treatments ........................................................................................................... 5 Decision Matrix for Prioritization for Treatment........................................................................ 6 Comparison Table of Proposed Chemicals*............................................................................... 7 Brachypodium sylvaticum – False-brome ................................................................................ 10 Ecological Characteristics of Note........................................................................................ 10 Management.......................................................................................................................... 10 Centaurea biebersteinii (C. maculosa) – Spotted Knapweed.................................................... 11 Ecological Characteristics of Note........................................................................................ 11 Management.......................................................................................................................... 12 Centaurea diffusa – Diffuse Knapweed .................................................................................... 14 Ecological Characteristics of Note........................................................................................ 14 Management.......................................................................................................................... 14 Centaurea pratensis (C. jacea x nigra, C. debeauxii) – Meadow Knapweed............................ 16 Ecological Characteristics of Note........................................................................................ 16 Management.......................................................................................................................... 16 Centaurea solstitialis – Yellow Star-thistle............................................................................... 17 Ecological Characteristics of Note........................................................................................ 17 Management.......................................................................................................................... 18 Chondrilla juncea – Rush Skeletonweed .................................................................................. 20 Ecological Characteristics of Note........................................................................................ 20 Management [23].................................................................................................................. 20 Cirsium arvense – Canada Thistle ............................................................................................ 22 Ecological Characteristics of Note........................................................................................ 22 Management.......................................................................................................................... 22 Cynoglossum officinale – Hounds Tongue............................................................................... 25 Ecological Characteristics of Note........................................................................................ 25 Management.......................................................................................................................... 25 Cytisus scoparius – Scotch Broom ........................................................................................... 27 Ecological Characteristics of Note........................................................................................ 27 Management [17].................................................................................................................. 27 Euphorbia esula – Leafy Spurge............................................................................................... 29 Ecological Characteristics of Note........................................................................................ 29 Management.......................................................................................................................... 29 Geranium robertianum – Herb Robert ...................................................................................... 31 Ecological Characteristics of Note........................................................................................ 31 Management.......................................................................................................................... 31 Hedera Helix – English Ivy....................................................................................................... 32 Ecological Characteristics of Note........................................................................................ 32 Management.......................................................................................................................... 32 Hieracium aurantiacum – Orange Hawkweed, Hieracium pretense......................................... 33 From Preventing and Managing Invasive Plants Final Environmental Impact StatementApril 2005 Used by permission Ecological Characteristics of Note........................................................................................ 33 Management.......................................................................................................................... 33 Hypericum perforatum – St. Johnswort.................................................................................... 35 Ecological Characteristics of Note........................................................................................ 35 Management [18,30]............................................................................................................. 35 Ilex aquifolium – English Holly ............................................................................................... 36 Ecological Characteristics of Note........................................................................................ 36 Management.......................................................................................................................... 36 Lathyrus latifolius – Everlasting Peavine ................................................................................. 37 Ecological Characteristics of Note........................................................................................ 37 Management.......................................................................................................................... 37 Lepidium latifolium – Perennial Pepperweed........................................................................... 38 Ecological Characteristics of Note........................................................................................ 38 Management.......................................................................................................................... 38 Linaria vulgaris – Yellow Toadflax, Linaria genistifolia ssp. dalmatica – Dalmation toadflax40 Ecological Characteristics of Note........................................................................................ 40 Management [17].................................................................................................................. 40 Lythrum salicaria – Purple Loosestrife..................................................................................... 42 Ecological Characteristics of Note........................................................................................ 42 Management.......................................................................................................................... 42 Phalaris arundinacea – Reed Canarygrass ................................................................................ 43 Ecological Characteristics of Note........................................................................................ 43 Management [17].................................................................................................................. 43 Polygonum cuspidatum – Japanese Knotweed......................................................................... 44 Ecological Characteristics of Note........................................................................................ 44 Management [17, 39]............................................................................................................ 45 Potentilla recta – Sulfur Cinquefoil .......................................................................................... 46 Ecological Characteristics of Note........................................................................................ 46 Management.......................................................................................................................... 46 Rubus discolor – Himalayan