JOURNAL OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE VOL. XL. F,·ontispi,ce. PHOTOGRAPH OF THE NEWLY DISCOVERED MAMMOTH 'l'AKE:'.s in sitn, AND :--011· I N '!'HE MGSEUM OF THE ST. PETEllSBURG ACADEMY. JOURNAL OF THE TRANSACTIONS o:r ~ht ijict11ria Jnstitut~, OR, j gilosopbital ;Sotiet~ of ~nat ~ritain. EDITED BY THE SECRF.TARY. VOL. XL. LONDON: (Juhli~rll by tbr inistitutr, 1, ffilrlpl)i et:rrratr Utau.u, ~l)aring~erroisi,~im.«c.), ALL RIGHTS RBSBRVBD, 1908. LONDON: HARRISON AND SONS, PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HIS MAJESTY, ST. MARTIN'S LANE. PREFACE.-- "XTHEN drawing up the Preface 'for the last Volume of r f Transactions, I indicated the urgency that existed for reducing the necessary expenditure for carrying on the work of the Institute, and that the Council had the matter under serious ' consideration. Since then, steps have been taken which will go far to diminish the expenditure-while, it is hoped, not lessening efficiency. These steps are stated in the Report of the Council-which ought to be carefully considered by all who value the work of the Institute. In retiring from the office of Secretary, which I have held Hince the year 1900, I cannot but acknowledge the general support and assistance I have received from the Council and members; as also the friendly character of the letters 1 have received from Correspondents, sometimes of a confidential nature. It was rarely indeed that they were otherwise, and I regret that they will now be transferred to my successor. I am consoled, however, with the belief that the Volume of Transactions now being issued to our adherents will be found in no way inferior, either in the range of subjects treated, or the value of their contents, to any of its predecessors. EDWARD HULL, LL.D., Secretary and Edito1·. CONTENTS., -- ...,.__ PAGE REPORT OF THE COUNCIL FOR THE YEAR 190i, WITII BALANCE SHEET FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31ST, 1907 .... 1 ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING. ADDRESS BY MR. E. w ALTER MAUNDER, F.R.A.S. ••.• 7 ORDINARY GENERAL MEETING. PAPER ON "PRIMEVAL MAN IN BELGIUM." BY REV. D. GATH WHITLEY. DISCUSSION : BY THE SECRETARY, REV. DR. IRVING, REV, J. MAGENS MELLO, PROFESSOR ORCHARD, MR. M. L. RousE, PROFESSOR J. L. LOBLEY AND DR. W. WooDs SMYTH 25 ORDINARY GENERAL MEETING. PAPER ON "THE INFLUENCE OF THE GLACIAL EPOCH UPON TIIE EAR!.Y HISTORY OF MANKIND." BY REV. PROFESSOR G FREDERICK WRIGHT, LL.D. DISCUSSION: BY PROFESSOR HULL, PROFESSOR ORCHARD, MR. MARTIN L. RousE, REV. DR. IRVING, MR. HENRY PROCTOR. LITERATURE ON NIAGARA FALLS .... 76 '7lll CONTENTS OF VOL. XL, ORDINARY GENERAL MEETING. PAGE p A.PER ON "RESEMBLANCES BETWEEN INDIAN AND JEWISH IDEAS AND CusTOMs" (witlt lantern slides). BY COLONEL T. HoLBEIN HENDLEY, C.I.E. DISCUSSION: REMARKS BY LIEUT.-COLONEL G. MACKINLAY AND MR. M. L. RousE 77 ORDINARY GENERAL MEETING. PAPER ON "THE GLACIEltS, PAST AND PRESENT, IN THE SOUTH ISLAND OF NEW ZEALAND, TOGETHER WITH THE GREAT VERTICAL MovEMENTS OF THE GROUND." BY MR. C. DILLWORTH Fox. NOTE ON THE ABOVE p APER BY REV. DR. IRVING 104 A RECENT VISIT TO PETRA: A LECTURE DELIVERED BY MR. ARTHUR SUTTON, F.L.S. : A SnoRT AccouNT BY THE SECRETARY 112 ORDINARY GENERAL MEETING. PAPER ON "PHILOSOPHY A:SD EVOLUTION." BY PROFESSOR H. LANGHORNE ORCHARD, M.A. DISCUSSION : REMARKS BY REv. DR. IRVING, DR. W. WooDs SMYTH, REv. PROFESSOR G. F. WRIGHT, REv. JOHN TUCKWELL, AND AUTHOR'S REPLY 11.5 ORDINARY GENERAL MEETING. p APER ON "THE SPREAD OF THE EXISTING ANIMALS THROUGH EUROPE AND TO THE ISLANDS OF THE ATLANTIC ; BASED ON DR. ScHARFF'S RECENT WoRK, 'EUROPEAN ANIMALS.'" BY PROFESSOR EDWARD HULL, LL.D., F.R.S. (Secretary). DrscussION : REMARKS BY PROFESSOR G. F. WRIGHT, MR. w. w OODS SMYTH, COLONEL HENDLEY, DR. WooDWARD, MR. ,T. TowNSEND TRENCH, REv. DR. IRVING, MR. MARTIN L. RousE, PROFESSOR L. LOBLEY. REPLY BY THE AUTHOR ...• . ... 145 CONTENTS OF VOL. XL. lX ORDINARY GENERAL MEETING. PAGE PAPER ON "THE DECAY OF ULTRAMONTANISM FROM AN HISTORICAL POINT OF VIEW." BY THE REV. CHANCELLOR J. J. LIAS, M.A. D1scUSSION : REMARKS BY PROFESSOR H. L. ORCHARD AND THE SECRETARY. PosTscRIP1' : "AN OLD CATHOLIC MovEMENT IN ENGLAND" 168 ORDINARY GENERAL MEETING. PAPER ON "THE AMERICAN FAUNA AND ITS ORIGIN." BY PROFESSOR J. LOGAN LOBLEY, li'.G.S. D1scussION: REMARKS BY MR. DAVID HowARD, V.P., MR. RousE, PROFESSOR H. L. ORCH.A RD, AND MR. W. "\Vooos SMYTH 190 ORDINARY GENERAL MEETING. PAPER oN "THE SmA TURKS." BY REv. G. E. WHITE, DEAN OF ANATOLIA COLLEGE, TURKEY. DiscussION: REMARKS BY LrnuT.-CoLoNEL G. MACKINLAY, MR. HENRY CARDS-WILSON, AND PROFESSOR ORCHARD 225 ORDINARY MEETING. PAPER "0N THE EVIDENCE OF MALAY, JAVANESE, ARABIAN AND PERSIAN ADMIXTURE IN THE INCA OR KESHUA LANGUAGE OF PERU, AMONGST THE AYMARA LANGUAGE OF THE PEASANT CLASS." BY MR. F. w. CHRISTIAN, B.A. 240· LIST OF THE VICE-PATRONS, COUNCIL AND OFFICERS, MEMBERS, ASSOCIATES, LIBRARY AssocIATES, HoN. CORRESPONDING MEMBERS, HON. CORRESPONDENTS, AND MISSIONARY ASSOCIATES 250· OBJECTS, CONSTITUTION AND BYE-LAWS. SOCIETIES EXCHANGING TRANSACTIONS WITH THE INSTlTUTE. VICTORIA INSTITUTE. REPORT OF THE COUNCIL FOR THE YEAR 1907. 1. Meetings. The subjects dealt with at the ordinary meetings during the past session may be arranged under the following heads:- 1. PHILOSOPHICAL. "Philosophy and Evolution." By Professor H. LANGHORNE ORCHARD. 2. GEOGRAPHICAL. "The Atlantic islands and origin of their fauna.'' By the SECRETARY, Professor EDWARD HuLL, F.R.S. "The History of the Spread of the North American fauna." By Professor J. LOGAN LOBLEY, F.G.S. "Views of Petra." By Mr. ARTHUR W. SUTTON, F.L.S. "The Southern Alps of New Zealand, and their Glaciers." By Mr. c. DILLWORTH Fox. "On Primeval Man in Belgium." By Rev. D. G. WHITLEY. "On the influence of the Glacial Period upon the early history of man." By Professor C. FREDERICK WRIGHT. 3. HISTORICAL AND ETHNOLOGICAL. "Resemblances between Jewish ideas and customs and those of India." By Colonel T. H. HENDLEY, C.I.E. "On the Shia Turks." By Rev. G. E. WHITE. "On the decay of Ultra-Montanisru from an historical point of view." By Rev. CHANCF.LLOR LIAs, M.A. "On the evidence of Malay, Javanese and Persian admixture of the Inca language of Peru." By Mr. F. W. CHRISTIAN, B.A. From the above list it will be eeen that during the past session the subjects discussed have been of wide interest. 2. Resignation of the Secretary. At the Meeting of the Council held on Monday, June 1st, 1908, the Secretary announced his intention to resign the office which he had held since the year 1900, on several grounds, chiefly those of health. The Council thereupon passed a resolution expressing a hope that the Secretary would continue his interest in the work of the Institute and accept the honour of becoming a Vice­ President; upon which the Secretary expressed his gratitude and high appreciation of the support he had received froll} the members, and accepted with pleasure the honour proposed to be conferred upon him. 3. The following are the changes smce last meeting in the list of Officers and Council which await confirmation by the Members:- Sir David Gill, K.C.B., LL.D., F.R.S., has been nominated Honorary Correspondent, in the place of the late Lord Kelvin. (Resolution of Council, June 1st, 1908.) Thu present Secretary on retiring from office to be Vice­ President (Resolution of Council, May 25th, 1908), and Mr. W. E. Thompson Sharpe hae retired from the Council owing to ill-health. This leaves a vacancy on the Council to be filled up; and members are reminded that the Council will always gladly receive names for this purpose. 4. The following IS the new list of the Officers and Council:- flresihmt. The Right Honourable The Earl of Ha!sbury, M.A., D.C.L., F.R.S. l:fitt-'.l!)rtsihtnfs. Sir T. Fowell Buxton, Bart., K.C.M.G. W. II. II udleswn, Esq., F.l\.S., F,G.S. Alexander l\;IcArthur, Esq., l>.L., J.P. David Howard, Esq., D.L., F.C.S. Lieut.-General Sir H. L. Geary, K.C.B. Right lion. Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal, LL. D., F.G.S Prof. Edward Hull, LL.D., F.R.S., ~·.G.S. ~onornr!! l!i:orrtSJ!Ollbcnh. Sir David Gill, K.C.B., LL.D., F.R.S. Professor A. Agassiz, D.C.L., F.U.S. I Professor A. H. Sayce, D.D., LL.D. Professor E. Naville (Geneva). Professor Fridljof Nansen, D.Sc. Professor Maspero (Paris). Professor Wa1Ten Upham, D.Sc. ;IDonorar!! ~utlitor.. J. Allen, Esq . I Lieut.-Col. Macki:ilay, bte R.A. .SmrtarJ! anl) C!thitor of tlJe ~ourna!. Professor Edward Hull, M.A., LL.D., ~·.a.s. 3 l!rouncil. (In Order of Election.) D. Howard, Esq., D.L., F.C.S., F.I.C., Rev. G. F. Whidborne, M.A., F.G.S., F.R.G.S. (Trustee). Lieut.-Gen. Sir H. L. Geary, K.C.B., R.A. Rev. Dr.~-. W. Tremlett, D.D., D.C.L., Ph.D. Edward Stanley M. Perowne, Esq., F.S.A. Very Rev. Dean Wace, D.D. (Trustee). Martin Luther Rouse, Esq., B.L. Hev. Chancellor J. J. Lias, M.A. Colonel T. Holbein Hendley, C.I.E. Rev. Canon R. B. Girdlestone, M.A. Arthur W. Sutton, Esq., ~·.L.S. General Halliday. Rt. Rev. Bishop J.E. C. Welldon, D.D. Rev. John Tuck well, M.R.A.S. Professor H. Langhorne Orchard, M.A., B.Sc. Lieut.-Colonel Mackinlay, late R.A. Sydney T. Klein, Esq., M.R.I.