MADE FOR BUILDING BUILT FOR LIVING COMPONENT CATALOGUE FOR BUILDING A PASSIVE HOUSE IMPRINT Version: Component Catalogue for Building a Passive House, 10/2019 Publisher and responsible for content: © KLH Massivholz GmbH KLH and the KLH-logo are internationally registered trademark rights of KLH Massivholz GmbH. The fact that a mark is not included in the list and/or not indicated as registered trademark (brand) in a text, cannot be interpreted that way that this mark is not a registered trademark (brand) and/or that this mark could be used without prior written acceptance of KLH Massivholz GmbH. INHALT CONTENT 01 BASIC INFORMATION ON PASSIVE HOUSES 04 02 HIGHLY HEAT-INSULATED EXTERNAL BUILDING COMPONENTS 06 03 CONSTRUCTIONS FREE OF THERMAL BRIDGES 10 04 AIR TIGHTNESS 14 05 HEAT RECOVERY FROM EXHAUST AIR 18 06 SOLAR HEAT GAINS, WINDOWS 24 07 COMPONENTS 26 08 COMPONENT CONNECTIONS 36 01 INTRODUCTION PASSIVE H0USE More than 20 years ago, when the first residential build- The member states must adapt their building regulations ing was constructed according to the passive house so that all buildings erected after the end of 2020 will criteria in Kranichstein, Germany, the general public correspond to the high energy requirements. As far as is would not have believed that this concept would become feasible, already existing buildings must be adapted to a legally-required minimum standard in the not so dis- the new requirements. For the consumer, the new direc- tant future. Comments like “That‘s like living in a plastic tive means lower energy costs.” bag!” or “The expenditure, the costs ... that‘ll never be worth it!” were the rule rather than the exception. In plain language this means: starting from 2020, the passive house system is a legally-required reality. However, increasing energy costs, a shortage of raw Reason enough to start implementing it now - conside- materials and global warming caused rethinking so that ring the fact that a building has a life expectancy of 100 previous rejections have been replaced by interested years, assuming a defect-free construction. building owners looking for answers and solutions. Even politics have already reacted to this change. The infor- The following pages should inform the reader of the mation office of the European Parliament wrote on 18th possibilities and potential of KLH® solid wood panels in May 2010 in this regard: combination with the passive house concept. How easy it can be to adopt approved and trusted details from “The European Parliament approved the new directive concrete and brick construction with the knowledge of for energy efficiency of houses on Tuesday. using an ecological construction material of the highest quality. 02 INTRODUCTION KLH® Passive house complex “Am Mühlweg” in Vienna, Dietrich Untertrifaller Architects AS A SUITABLE CONCLUSION TO THESE WORDS OF INTRODUCTION, LET‘S HEAR FIVE EXPERT OPINIONS: “Whoever relies on conventional construction methods “A passive house can be built cost-neutrally. The entire in 10 years‘ time will be living in an outdated house, and costs are not higher than for an average new building.” will have been overtaken by developments.” DI Othmar (Investments over an amortisation period of 30 years) Hum, Swiss specialised journalist Arch. Krapmeier, Vorarlberg Energy Institute “Whoever still builds with fossil (i.e., conventional) build- “... a development that has now become a standard ... the ing techniques, will ensure a huge mortgage for the so-called passive house ... which I will promote and sup- building owner, as the fossil energy prices will no port from my house with all possible efforts ...”Dr. Peter longer be affordable in the foreseeable future.” Hermann Ramsauer, 11th November 2009, during his inaugural Scheer, holder of the Alternative Nobel Prize speech as German Minister for Construction “High heating costs are nothing more than a continuous repair of construction defects.” Dr. Peter Tusch 03 BASIC INFORMATION ON PASSIVE HOUSES 01 BASIC INFORMATION WHAT EXACTLY IS A PASSIVE HOUSE? You could equally well ask: “What is it not?” A passive WHAT THIS MEANS FOR CENTRAL EUROPE IN house is not a construction style that is limited to a cer- PLAIN FIGURES: tain construction material, but a concept for which there are many ways to achieve the goal. The final result is 1. Heating requirement ≤ 15 kWh/(m²*a) a new living space with minimum energy consumption 2. Air change rate ≤ 0.6 1/h and highest comfort. This shows that it is merely a con- 3. U-value of external building component ≤ 0.15 W/ sistent further development of the low-energy house as (m²*K) long as an active heating system can be avoided. 4. U-value window ≤ 0.8 W/(m²*K) 5. Primary energy demand ≤ 120 kWh/(m²*a) 6. Heating load ≤ 10 W/m² THE CONCEPT IS BASED ON THE FOLLOWING PILLARS: The term “passive house” is a designation of German 1. Highly heat-insulated external building components origin. In Austria, this corresponds to the standard A+ or 2. Construction free of thermal bridges A++. In Switzerland, this construction concept is called 3. Air tightness “Minergie”. However, the requirements for the building 4. Heat recovery from the exhaust air components are independent of the designation. Key 5. Solar heat gains factors such as thermal bridges or U-values are calcula- ted using the ISO standard. This leads to almost equal requirements for comparable climate data. 04 “A passive house is a building in which thermal comfort can be guaranteed merely through the reheating of the fresh air flow that is responsible for sufficient air quality – without using additional recirculation air.” HIGHLY HEAT-INSULATED EXTERNAL BUILDING COMPONENTS 02 EXTERNAL BUILDING COMPONENTS GENERAL REMARKS The maximum admissible U-value of 0.15 W/(m²*K) ses with increasing insulation thickness to the averaged refers to the floor slab. Due to the different heat trans- U-value. This is not yet referred to as thermal bridge as mission resistances (component to air, component to the “interruption” occurs regularly. ground) and thermodynamic active mechanisms, a value of 0.12 W/(m²*K) for walls and a value of 0.10 W/(m²*K) THE FOLLOWING COMPARISON SHOWS THE for roofs should not be exceeded. IMPACT OF THE WOOD PROPORTION: SOLID WOOD DOUBLE TYPE WALL WITH WALL / ROOF T-BEAM TICS The construction principles approved for the KLH® solid Wood proportion in 0 % 3,6 % wood panels can be easily adopted. Only the insulating the insulating layer (d = 280 mm) (d = 360 mm) material thicknesses must be increased to reach the cor- (thickness d) responding U-values. The heat transmission coefficient in structural engineering is calculated according to ISO Grid dimension (cm) – 62,5 6946. The necessary design values are contained in EN A [W/(m*K)] – 0,29 12524. Web A building physics assessment by an expert is highly recommended. Whereas the U-value increases evenly U-Value [W/(m2*K)] 0,12 0,12 over the thickness and the area for thermal insulation composite systems (TICS), the impact of the timber Table 1: Comparison of TICS on KLH® and double T-beams regarding the frame for the wide-spread framed construction increa- insulation thickness if a U-value of 0.12 W/(m²K) should be reached. 06 HIGHLY HEAT-INSULATED EXTERNAL BUILDING COMPONENTS TICS ON KLH®: Fig. 1: TICS on KLS with jammed insulation. The Internal mechanic fixing devices are not shown. The insulation layer thickness is 280 mm to achieve the same U-value as in Fig. 2. exterior COMMON PASSIVE HOUSE WALL: Fig. 2: Common passive house wall out of double Internal I-joists. For a comparable insulation material this means an increase of the insulation thickness by 8 cm. exterior 07 HIGHLY HEAT-INSULATED EXTERNAL BUILDING COMPONENTS FLOOR SLAB HEAT STORAGE AND KLH® The floor slab can be insulated in two different ways: To be able to assess the energy-related behaviour of a either on the outside by a pressure and moisture resis- building (e.g. by the energy performance certificate), tant perimeter insulation or on the inside by applying the it is necessary to determine the effective heat storage insulating material on the room side. capacity. This is also referred to as the energy storage Of course, a combination of both construction princi- mass mW [kg]. ples is also possible. Which insulation material should be preferred is the decision of the planner. Generally, the Solar and internal heat gains are of fundamental sig - following should be remembered: nificance for the active principle of a passive house: during winter as storage for heat (tiled stove principle) • Perimeter insulation makes a construction free of and during summer for buffering of the indoor tempe- thermal bridges easier rature. • Internal insulation increases the risk of moisture- The utilisation factor ŋ is a factor that reduces the entire related construction damages at the connection of monthly or annual gains (internal and passive-solar) to floor slab/wall the useable share of the heat gain. The higher the m W , the higher the utilisation factor ŋ will be. In the context of condensation aspects, the Glaser method is still in predominant use. However, this can no longer be applied when assessing “components in con- ACCORDING TO THE SIMPLIFIED APPROACH OF EN 832 A DIFFERENCE CAN BE MADE BETWEEN: tact with soil”. Therefore, in cases in which the insulation is to be partially or fully arranged above the floor slab ŋ = 1.00 for heavy-weight constructions (heated side), the planner runs the risk of causing cons- ŋ = 0.98 for medium-heavy constructions truction damages [comp. Fig. 3 and 4]. ŋ = 0.90 for light-weight constructions Floor structure: 20°C 20°C 60 mm screed 17°C 17°C 80 mm insulation 14°C 14°C Moisture sealing 11°C 11°C 250 mm reinforced concrete 8°C 8°C 5°C 5°C + 20°C + 20°C 0°C 0°C Fig.