HAMADRYAS BABOON (Papio hamadryas) CARE MANUAL CREATED BY THE AZA Hamadryas Baboon Species Survival Plan® Program IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE AZA Old World Monkey Taxon Advisory Group Hamadryas Baboon (Papio hamadryas) Care Manual Hamadryas Baboon (Papio hamadryas) Care Manual Published by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums in collaboration with the AZA Animal Welfare Committee Formal Citation: AZA Baboon Species Survival Plan®. (2020). Hamadryas Baboon Care Manual. Silver Spring, MD: Association of Zoos and Aquariums. Original Completion Date: July 2020 Authors and Significant Contributors: Jodi Neely Wiley, AZA Hamadryas Baboon SSP Coordinator and Studbook Keeper, North Carolina Zoo Margaret Rousser, Oakland Zoo Terry Webb, Toledo Zoo Ryan Devoe, Disney Animal Kingdom Katie Delk, North Carolina Zoo Michael Maslanka, Smithsonian National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute Reviewers: Joe Knobbe, San Francisco Zoological Gardens, former Old World Monkey TAG Chair, SSP Vice Coordinator Hamadryas Baboon AZA Staff Editors: Felicia Spector, Animal Care Manual Editor Consultant Candice Dorsey, PhD, Senior Vice President, Conservation, Management, & Welfare Sciences Rebecca Greenberg, Animal Programs Director Emily Wagner, Conservation Science & Education Intern Raven Spencer, Conservation, Management, & Welfare Sciences Intern Hana Johnstone, Conservation, Management, & Welfare Sciences Intern Cover Photo Credits: Jodi Neely Wiley, North Carolina Zoo Disclaimer: This manual presents a compilation of knowledge provided by recognized animal experts based on the current science, practice, and technology of animal management. The manual assembles basic requirements, best practices, and animal care recommendations to maximize capacity for excellence in animal care and welfare. The manual should be considered a work in progress, since practices continue to evolve through advances in scientific knowledge. The use of information within this manual should be in accordance with all local, state, and federal laws and regulations concerning the care of animals. While some government laws and regulations may be referenced in this manual, these are not all-inclusive nor is this manual intended to serve as an evaluation tool for those agencies. The recommendations included are not meant to be exclusive management approaches, diets, medical treatments, or procedures, and may require adaptation to meet the specific needs of individual animals and particular circumstances in each institution. Commercial entities and media identified are not necessarily endorsed by AZA. The statements presented throughout the body of the manual do not represent AZA standards of care unless specifically identified as such in clearly marked sidebar boxes. Association of Zoos and Aquariums 2 Hamadryas Baboon (Papio hamadryas) Care Manual Table of Contents Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Taxonomic Classification ............................................................................................................5 Genus, Species, and Status ........................................................................................................5 General Information ....................................................................................................................5 Chapter 1. Ambient Environment .................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Temperature and Humidity ....................................................................................................8 1.2 Light ......................................................................................................................................8 1.3 Water and Air Quality ............................................................................................................8 1.4 Sound and Vibration ..............................................................................................................9 Chapter 2. Habitat Design and Containment ............................................................................... 10 2.1 Space and Complexity ........................................................................................................10 2.2 Safety and Containment ......................................................................................................12 Chapter 3. Records........................................................................................................................... 15 3.1 Definitions ...........................................................................................................................15 3.2 Types of Records ................................................................................................................15 3.3 Permit Considerations .........................................................................................................16 3.4 Identification ........................................................................................................................16 Chapter 4. Transport ........................................................................................................................ 18 4.1 Preparations ........................................................................................................................18 4.2 Protocols .............................................................................................................................19 Chapter 5. Social Environment ...................................................................................................... 21 5.1 Group Structure and Size ....................................................................................................21 5.2 Influence of Others and Conspecifics ..................................................................................22 5.3 Introductions and Reintroductions .......................................................................................23 Chapter 6. Nutrition .......................................................................................................................... 25 6.1 Nutritional Requirements .....................................................................................................25 6.2 Diets....................................................................................................................................27 6.3 Nutritional Evaluations.........................................................................................................31 Chapter 7. Veterinary Care.............................................................................................................. 33 7.1 Veterinary Services .............................................................................................................33 7.2 Transfer Examination and Diagnostic Testing Recommendations .......................................33 7.3 Quarantine ..........................................................................................................................35 7.4 Preventive Medicine ............................................................................................................36 7.5 Capture, Restraint, and Immobilization ................................................................................37 7.6 Management of Diseases, Disorders, Injuries and/or Isolation ............................................38 Chapter 8. Reproduction ................................................................................................................. 41 8.1 Reproductive Physiology and Behavior ...............................................................................41 8.2 Assisted Reproductive Technology .....................................................................................41 8.3 Pregnancy and Parturition ...................................................................................................42 8.4 Birthing Facilities .................................................................................................................43 8.5 Assisted Rearing .................................................................................................................43 8.6 Contraception ......................................................................................................................44 Chapter 9. Behavior Management ................................................................................................. 46 9.1 Animal Training ...................................................................................................................46 9.2 Environmental Enrichment ..................................................................................................48 Association of Zoos and Aquariums 3 Hamadryas Baboon (Papio hamadryas) Care Manual 9.3 Staff and Animal Interactions...............................................................................................50 9.4 Staff Skills and Training.......................................................................................................50 Chapter 10. Research ...................................................................................................................... 52 10.1 Known Methodologies .......................................................................................................52 10.2 Future Research Needs ....................................................................................................53