THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA CHUNYA DISTRICT SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE Joint Publication by: THE PLANNING COMMISSION DAR ES SALAAM and CHUNYA DISTRICT COUNCIL MBEYA TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD.......................................................................................................................v SECTION I.......................................................................................................................... 1 1.0 LAND, PEOPLE, CLIMATE AND AGRO ECONOMIC ZONES ...................... 1 1.1 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION.........................................................................................1 1.2 LAND AREA....................................................................................................................1 1.3 ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS ........................................................................................4 1.4 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS ....................................................................5 1.4.1 Ethnic Groups: Chunya District is inhabited by the following ethnic groups: ........................................................................................................................... 5 POPULATION SIZE AND GROWTH........................................................................... 7 1.4.3 POPULATION DENSITY..........................................................................................8 1.4.4 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION ............................................................................12 1.5 CLIMATE AND VEGETATION:...............................................................................18 1.6 TOPOGRAPHY............................................................................................................19 1.7 AGRO - ECONOMIC ZONES ....................................................................................20 1.7.1 GOLD MINE ZONE..................................................................................................20 1.7.2 MIOMBO WOODLAND ZONE.............................................................................20 1.7.3 RUKWA BASIN.......................................................................................................21 1.8 TYPES OF SOIL...........................................................................................................23 SECTION II.......................................................................................................................24 2.0 SOCIAL SERVICES .................................................................................................24 2.1 PRIMARY EDUCATION ...........................................................................................24 2.1.1 GROSS ENROLMENT: (PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLMENT) ...............................31 2.1.2 STD 1 ENROLMENT ...............................................................................................37 2.1.3 PROBLEMS FACING PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION................................41 2.1.4 PRIMARY SCHOOL LEAVERS .............................................................................45 2.1.5 SECONDARY SCHOOL EDUCATION.................................................................48 2.1.6 ADULT EDUCATION.............................................................................................54 i 2.2 WATER SECTOR........................................................................................................56 2.2.1 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................56 2.2.2 WATER SUPPLY SITUATION IN CHUNYA ISTRICT .....................................58 2.2.3 SANITATION...........................................................................................................61 2.2.3 PROBLEMS FACING RURAL WATER SUPPLY ...............................................61 2.3 HEALTH SECTOR ......................................................................................................62 2.3.1 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................62 2.3.2 EXISTING HEALTH FACILITIES .........................................................................62 2.3.3 HEALTH PERSONNEL............................................................................................65 2.3.4 MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY.........................................................................67 2.3.4.1 INFANT MORTALITY RATE............................................................................73 2.3.4.2 MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE....................................................................74 2.3.5 HIV - INFECTION AND AIDS DISEASES ...........................................................76 2.3.6 IMMUNIZATION (PERCENTAGE) COVERAGE IN CHUNYA DISTRICT 1985 AND 1996 ..................................................................................................................78 SECTION III .....................................................................................................................80 3.0 ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE.........................................................................80 3.1 ROADS .........................................................................................................................80 3.2 AIR TRANSPORT.......................................................................................................83 3.3 MARINE TRANSPORT .............................................................................................83 3.4 TELECOMMUNICATIONS.......................................................................................83 3.5 ENERGY........................................................................................................................84 3.5.1 ELECTRICITY...........................................................................................................85 3.5.2 FIREWOOD/CHARCOAL......................................................................................86 3.5.3 OTHER ENERGY POTENTIALS ............................................................................86 SECTION IV .....................................................................................................................87 4.0 PRODUCTIVE SECTORS...........................................................................................87 4.1 DISTRICT ECONOMY...............................................................................................87 4.1.1 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................87 4.1.2 DISTRICT GDP AND PER CAPITA INCOME....................................................88 4.1.3 EMPLOYMENT........................................................................................................91 4.2.0 AGRICULTURE........................................................................................................92 4.2.1 FOOD CROPS ...........................................................................................................94 4.2.2 CASH CROPS .........................................................................................................102 4.2.3 FARM IMPLEMENTS...........................................................................................107 ii 4.1.4 FARM INPUTS.......................................................................................................109 4.2.5 IRRIGATION SCHEMES.......................................................................................111 4.2.6 FOOD STORAGE FACILITIES ............................................................................112 4.3.0 LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT .............................................................................114 4.3.1 LIVESTOCK INFRASTRUCTURE.......................................................................119 4.3.2 BEEF CATTLE PRODUCTION ............................................................................120 4.3.3 FOOD ADEQUACY AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS......................................120 4.4.1 FOREST ...................................................................................................................122 4.4.2 FOREST PRODUCTS.............................................................................................123 4.4.3 BEEKEEPING..........................................................................................................125 4.4.4 FISHERIES...............................................................................................................129 4.4.1 PROBLEMS FACING FISHING INDUSTRY......................................................131 4.5.0 TOURISM................................................................................................................131 4.6.0 MINING...................................................................................................................133 4.6.1 PROBLEMS FACING THE MINING INDUSTRY..............................................135 4.6.2 THE ADVERSE IMPACTS OF MINING.............................................................135 4.6.3 GOLD MINING POTENTIAL...............................................................................136 ANNEX ............................................................................................................................137 1.0 GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT TANZANIA ...........................................137 AREA OF MAINLAND .................................................................................................137