Final Environmental Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report Truckee River Operating Agreement Cultural Resources Appendix January 2008 United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Fish and Wildlife Service Bureau of Indian Affairs State of California Department of Water Resources Final Environmental Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report Truckee River Operating Agreement Cultural Resources Appendix January 2008 United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Fish and Wildlife Service Bureau of Indian Affairs State of California Department of Water Resources Cultural Resources Appendix Table of Contents Page CULTURAL RESOURCES APPENDIX .................................................................... 1 I. Section 1: Overview........................................................................................ 2 A. Study Area...............................................................................................................2 B. Prehistoric Settlement ..............................................................................................2 1. Pre-Archaic Period..........................................................................................2 2. Archaic Period................................................................................................2 3. Early Archaic Period.......................................................................................2 4. Middle Archaic Period....................................................................................3 5. Late Archaic Period ........................................................................................3 C. Ethnographic Use.....................................................................................................5 D. Historic Settlement.................................................................................................10 1. Exploration....................................................................................................10 2. Emigrants ......................................................................................................11 3. Settlement and Exploitation..........................................................................13 4. The Railroad..................................................................................................16 5. Mining...........................................................................................................18 6. Salt Mining....................................................................................................19 7. Water.............................................................................................................19 8. Lumber..........................................................................................................20 E. Meeting Human Needs: Service Industries, Cultural Institutions, Recreation ........................................................................................................22 1. Cultural .........................................................................................................22 2. Tourism/Recreation.......................................................................................23 3. Farming/Ranching.........................................................................................25 F. Irrigation and Other Water Management...............................................................28 G. Continuing Development.......................................................................................30 H. The Newlands Project............................................................................................31 I. Other Depression Era Activities ............................................................................34 1. Truckee Storage Project................................................................................35 2. The War Effort..............................................................................................35 3. Early Post-War Developments......................................................................36 4. The Washoe Project......................................................................................37 J. Other Late Developments ......................................................................................37 II. Section II: Summary of Expected and Known Site Data............................ 43 A. Introduction and Methodology ..............................................................................43 1. Cultural Resources Likely to Result from Prehistoric and Historic Use of the Study Areas.............................................................43 2. Cultural Resources in the Primary Study Area.............................................43 i Truckee River Operating Agreement Final Environmental Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report Table of Contents – continued Page III. Section IIA: Cultural Resource Tables ........................................................ 48 A. Lakes and Reservoirs .............................................................................................48 1. Lake Tahoe....................................................................................................48 2. Donner Lake..................................................................................................53 3. Independence Lake.......................................................................................54 4. Stampede Reservoir......................................................................................54 5. Boca Reservoir..............................................................................................56 6. Prosser Creek Reservoir................................................................................58 7. Pyramid Lake................................................................................................59 8. Lahontan Reservoir.......................................................................................61 IV. Section IIB: Cultural Resource Tables ........................................................ 64 A. River Reaches and Stretches: California...............................................................64 1. Tahoe Release (Tahoe Dam to Donner Creek).............................................64 2. Donner Release (Donner Dam to Truckee River).........................................66 3. Truckee River: Donner Creek to State Line (Donner-Boca Stretches Combined)...............................................................................67 4. Independence Release/LTR (Independence Creek and Little Truckee River to Stampede Reservoir)...................................................69 5. Stampede Release (Stampede Dam to Boca Reservoir) ...............................70 6. Prosser Release (Prosser Creek Dam to Truckee River) ..............................71 B. Truckee River Reaches and Stretches: Nevada .....................................................71 1. Truckee River: CA/NV State Line to E. McCarran Boulevard, Reno (Trophy/ Mayberry/ Oxbow/ Spice Stretches Combined)...............................................................................71 2. Truckee River: Lockwood (E McCarran Blvd to Derby Diversion Dam).......................................................................................74 3. Truckee River: Derby Diversion Dam to Truckee River Delta (S Bar S/Nixon Stretches Combined) .....................................................75 C. Miscellaneous Tables.............................................................................................76 References Cited.................................................................................................... 82 Selected Bibliography ........................................................................................... 84 ii Cultural Resources Appendix Table of Contents – continued Page Tables Table CRA.1 Key aspects of protohistoric Washoe and Nevada Northern Paiute cultures..................................................................................................................7 CRA.2 Lake Tahoe..........................................................................................................49 CRA.3 (A) California Properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places within the Area of Potential Effect for the revised DEIS/EIR.................76 CRA.3 (B) Nevada Properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places within the Area of Potential Effect (primary and secondary) for the revised DEIS/EIR................................................................................................77 Maps Map 1 Some key investigated cultural resource site locations in the study area. ........................4 2 Extent of North American Indian settlement in the study area during the first quarter of the 19th century................................................................................................6 3 1885 Land use (Source: Russell). ..................................................................................27 iii Cultural Resources Appendix CULTURAL RESOURCES APPENDIX This appendix contains an overview of the prehistoric, ethnographic, and historic uses of the study area; a condensed Truckee River historic timeline; tables that detail elevations and flows under all alternatives with specific cultural resource information in table form for each facility and stretch and two tables which list all National