NATL INST OF ||||||| ^ A1 11 03088706 Mechanical Failures/The role of coat^^^^^ NBS-PUB-l^ 1» QC100 .U57 N0.452, 1976 C.2 Q NBS SPECIAL PUBLICATION 452 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE / National Bureau of Standards The Role of Coatings in the Prevention of Mechanical Failures MFPG 23rd Meeting NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS The National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their efTective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: {!) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, O) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau consists of the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research, the Institute for Applied Technology, the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, and the Office for Information Programs. THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United States of a complete and consistent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce. The Institute consists of the Office of Measurement Services, the Office of Radiation Measurement and the following Center and divisions: Applied Mathematics — Electricity — Mechanics — Heat — Optical Physics — Center for Radiation Research: Nuclear Sciences; Applied Radiation — Laboratory Astrophysics" - — Cryogenics " — Electromagnetics — Time and Frequency THE INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measurement, standards, and data on the properties of well-characterized materials needed by industry, commerce, educational institutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; and develops, produces, and distributes standard reference materials. The Institute consists of the Office of Standard Reference Materials, the Office of Air and Water Measurement, and the following divisions: Analytical Chemistry — Polymers — Metallurgy — Inorganic Materials — Reactor Radiation — Physical Chemistry. THE INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED TECHNOLOGY provides technical services to promote the use of available technology and to facilitate technological innovation in industry and Government; cooperates with public and private organizations leading to the development of technological standards (including mandatory safety standards), codes and methods of test; and provides technical advice and services to Government agencies upon request. The Insti- tute consists of the following divisions and Centers: Standards Application and Analysis — Electronic Technology — Center for Consumer Product Technology: Product Systems Analysis: Product Engineering — Center for Building Technology: Structures, Materials, and Life Safety; Building Environment: Technical Evalua- tion and Application — Center for Fire Research: Fire Science; Fire Safety Engineering. THE INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY conducts research and provides technical services designed to aid Government agencies in improving cost effec- tiveness in the conduct of their programs through the selection, acquisition, and effective utilization of automatic data processing equipment; and serves as the principal focus within the executive branch for the development of Federal standards for automatic data processing equipment, techniques, and computer languages. The Institute consists of the following divisions: Computer Services — Systems and Software — Computer Systems Engineering — Informa- tion Technology. THE OFFICE FOR INFORMATION PROGRAMS promotes optimum dissemination and accessibility of scientific information generated within NBS and other agencies of the Federal Government; promotes the development of the National Standard Reference Data System and a system of information analysis centers dealing with the broader aspects of the National Measurement System; provides appropriate services to ensure that the NBS staff has optimum accessibility to the scientific information of the world. The Office consists of the following organizational units: Office of Standard Reference Data — Office of Information Activities — Office of Technical Publications — Library — Office of International Relations — Office of International Standards. ' Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithershurg. Maryland, unless olherwi.se noted: mailing address Washington, D.C. 20234. - Located at Boulder. Colorado 80302. MFPG The Role of Coatings in the Prevention of Mechanical Failures v . vv Vc^w^ Proceedings of the 23rd Meeting of the Mechanical Failures Prevention Group, held at the National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Maryland, October 29-31, 1975 Edited by T. R. Shives and W. A. Willard Metallurgy Division Institute for Materials Research National Bureau of Standards Washington, D.C. 20234 The 23rd meeting of MFPC and these proceedings were sponsored by the Institute for Materials Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. 20234; the Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy, Arlington, Va. 22217; the Naval Air Development Center, Department of the Navy, Warminster, Pa. 18974; the Frankford Arsenal, U.S. Army, Philadelphia, Pa. 19137; and the Federal Aviation Administration, Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C. 20591. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Elliot L. Richardson, Secretary Edward O. Vetter, Under Secrefary Dr. Betsy Ancker-Johnson, Assistant Secretary for Science and Technology 2 NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Acting Director Issued September 1976 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Mechanical Failures Prevention Group. MFPG--the role of coatings in the prevention of mechanical failures. (National Bureau of Standards special publication ; 452) Supt. of Docs, no.: C 13.10:452 1. Fracture-mechanics-Congresses. 2. Coatings-Congresses. I. Shives, T. R. II. Willard, WiHiam A. III. United States. National Bureau of Standards. Institute for Materials Research. IV. Title. V. Title: The role of coatings in the prevention of mechanical failures. VI. Series: United States. National Bureau of Standards. Special publication ; 452. QC100.U57 no. 452 [TA409] 602'. Is [620.n26] 76-608258 National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 452 Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 452, 199 pages (Sept. 1976) CODEN: XNBSAV U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1976 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (Order by SD Catalog No. C13.10:452). Stock No. 003-003-01664-1 Price: $2.65 (Add 25 percent additional for other than U.S. mailing). FOREWORD The 23rd meeting of the Mechanical Failures Prevention Group was held October 29-31, 1975, at the National Bureau of Standards in Gai thersburg, Maryland. The program was organized by the MFPG committee on the Mechanisms of Failure under the chairmanship of Professor Elmer E. Klaus of The Pennsylvania State University. The Mechanisms committee, the session chairmen, and especially the speakers are to be commended for the excellent program. The papers in these Proceedings are presented as submitted by the authors on camera ready copy, except for some minor editorial changes. In addition to the papers, the Proceedings include the discussions of the talks. The discussions were recorded at the meeting and have been edited to improve readability. Appreciation is extended to Mr. T. Robert Shives and Mr. William A. Willard of the NBS Metallurgy Division for their editing, organization, and preparation of the Proceedings, to Mrs. Sara R. Torrence of the NBS Office of Information Activities for the meeting arrangements, to Mr. Harry C. Burnett of the Metallurgy Division for general coordi- nation and registration, to Mr. Paul M. Fleming of the Metallurgy Division for handling financial matters, and to the entire staffs of the Metallurgy Division and the NBS Institute for Materials Research for their assistance in many ways. Special thanks are accorded to Mrs. Marian L. Slusser of the Metallurgy Division for her diligent efforts in transcribing the recorded discussions. ELIO PASSAGLIA Executive Secretary, MFPG Chief, Metallurgy Division National Bureau of Standards III TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD SESSION I: POLYMER COATINGS 1. The Friction and Wear of Polymeric Coatings on Metal. K. C. Ludema 2. Performance Studies of Polymer Processed Mechanical and Structural Components. M. J. Devine 3. Nylon II as a Lubricant and Corrosion Preventative Coating. R. G. Baker, G. H. Kitchen* and R. R. Wells 4. Mechanical Design Concepts for Coated Nuclear Fuel Particles. J. M. Tobin SESSION II: METAL COATINGS 1. Nickel-Phosphorus Alloy Coatings for Wear Resistance. C. E. Johnson* and F. Ogburn 2. Chromium Deposit Structure Has a Profound Influence on Properties. W. H. Safranek 3. Plated Coatings for Electric Contacts. M. Antler 4. Compatibility Effects When Soft Metals Are Used as Solid Lubricants. E. Rabinowicz 5. Reduction of Sliding Wear by Metallic Coatings. S. Jahanmir* and N. P. Suh SESSION III: SOLID FILM LUBRICANTS 1. The Search for Factors to Prevent Mechanical Failures Due to Corrosion with Solid Film Lubricants. M. K. Gabel* and M. B. Peterson 2. Rust-Inhibited