Special report: The future of mobility in Helsinki Research by Automotive World Special report: The future of mobility in Helsinki Copyright statement Published in August 2018 by : © 2018 All content copyright Automotive World Ltd. All rights Automotive reserved. World est. 1992 This publication - in whole or in part - may not be shared, Automotive World copied, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or be 1-3 Washington Buildings transmitted in any form by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior Stanwell Road, Penarth, permission of Automotive World Ltd. CF64 2AD, UK Disclaimer www.automotiveworld.com T: +44 (0) 2920 707 021 This report is the product of extensive primary and secondary [email protected] research. It is protected by copyright under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Registered number: 04242884 The authors of Automotive World Ltd research reports are VAT number: GB 815 220 173 drawn from a wide range of professional and academic disciplines. The facts within this report are believed to be correct at the time of publication but cannot be guaranteed. CEO & Managing Director: The information within this study has been reasonably verified to the author’s and publisher’s ability, but neither accept Gareth Davies responsibility for loss arising from decisions based on this report. Editor : This report contains forward-looking statements that reflect the Martin Kahl authors’ current views with respect to future events. Such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties. If any of the assumptions underlying any of these statements prove Report Author : incorrect, then actual results may be materially different from Celeste Dooley those expressed or implied by such statements. The authors do not intend or assume any obligation to update any forward- looking statement, which speaks only as of the date on which it Production: is made. Anmol Mothy All the estimates are based on assumptions, the authors’ calculations and publicly available data. Automotive World Ltd is © Automotive World Ltd 2018 not liable for misrepresentation or misuse of such information or validity of publicly available information. i Research by Automotive World Special report: The future of mobility in Helsinki Table of contents Executive summary 1 Start at the Finnish line: Helsinki’s top-notch transportation 2 Public transport still key to future mobility in Helsinki 5 Can Helsinki go car-free without an official ban? 7 Interview: Sampo Hietanen, Chief Executive, MaaS Global 9 Mobility success dependent on shift in public attitude 12 Ride-sharing could be the space-saving solution smart cities need 15 Helsinki experience underlines ease of selling MaaS, says mobility alliance 17 Autonomy is coming, but MaaS development carries on regardless 20 What can we learn from the demise of Helsinki’s Kutsuplus? 23 Why Finland’s capital has become a world leader in future mobility 26 Research by Automotive World ii Special report: The future of mobility in Helsinki Executive summary • Helsinki is a peninsular city, with a rapidly carbon neutrality by 2035. As a result, growing population. Space is at a premium, electrification is a major aspect of its but due to its size, travel times and distances transport and mobility strategies. Helsinki’s are manageable making it an ideal location regional transport authority is promoting for innovative mobility services electric buses, and a number of e-buses are already in operation • Finland has a history of innovation – the home nation of former cell phone giant Nokia • Going car-free is a way of life for many is now also the birthplace of Mobility as a Helsinki residents. Car density is relatively Service (‘MaaS’) provider, MaaS Global, a low compared to similarly-sized cities, and Helsinki company which claims to be ‘the bicycle use is high. Indeed, the Helsinki city world’s first ever mobility as a service bike scheme offers 1,500 bikes and 150 bike operator’ stations. Between five and 11 journeys are made per bike per day across the city • And Finland had a strong hand in the creation of the concept of MaaS; one of the • Car use has declined by five percentage founding members of the 50+ member points since 2010, accounting for 22% of all Brussels-based MaaS Alliance (not to be transport in 2017; walking has increased by confused with MaaS Global) was Finland’s four percentage points over the same period, Ministry of Transport to 34% of transport in 2017 • Helsinki residents have shown a willingness • Finland actively supports autonomous and enthusiasm to adopt innovative mobility vehicle (AV) testing, with a regulatory and solutions, and there is close collaboration legal environment that permits public road between academia and the public and private AV trials. This has resulted in the inclusion of sectors on developing and trialling autonomous shuttle buses within the appropriate MaaS concepts Helsinki public transport network • The city’s authorities not only demand • Helsinki’s ‘Vision 2025’ is designed to make cleaner, more efficient transportation, but public transport the number one choice for also support and assist its development; this travel, with the ultimate goal of making it was underlined by its involvement in more attractive than private car ownership Kutsuplus, the on-demand bus service that enjoyed popular and technological success, • As a result, transport planners around the even if it ultimately failed financially world look to Helsinki for inspiration and lessons on how to design and implement • Helsinki supports transport electrification; well-developed smart city mobility the city has a target to reduce CO2 emissions from 1990 to 2030 by 60%, and to achieve 1 Research by Automotive World Special report: The future of mobility in Helsinki Start at the Finnish line: Helsinki’s top-notch transportation Simon Dixon, Partner and Global Transport Lead at Deloitte MCS provides an overview of the Finnish capital’s innovative approach to smart city mobility elsinki is often cited as a poster child for Table 1: Mobility Analysis Scores Hwhat a sufficient, efficient transport system looks like. Previously known as just another T G O L MOBILITY ANALYSIS P O C P B charming European capital with respectable E O E A M A N R L E S T F L R P E O E G IR N R A public transport, it began to garner the world’s I I D M D N N E E E attention in 2015 when it piloted – and then G G R R R launched – the first commercial mobility-as-a- Cong est io n service (MaaS). But this belies a longer history Publi c tra nspo rt re li abili ty of innovative experiments in urban transport. Performance Tra nsport sa fet y and resilience In te grate d and share d mo bili ty Rated as a high performer among cities in Ai r qu ali ty the Deloitte City Mobility Index Vision and strate gy (https://www2.deloitte.com/insights/us/en/foc Inv estme nt us/future-of-mobility/deloitte-urban-mobility- Innov at io n Vision and index-for-cities.html) , Helsinki scores well Re gul at ory envi ron me nt leadership Envi ron me nta l susta in abili ty across almost every indicator from road safety ini tiat iv es to the regulatory environment to ease of use (see Table 1). Notably, public transport is Publi c tra nsit suppl y reliable and has excellent coverage throughout Tra nspo rt aff ordabili ty the city; the system offers multiple modes of Versat ili ty Service and Cu st omer sat isfact io n transport that are interconnected across the inclusion city; and cycling and walking are also popular, Access ibili ty accounting for nearly 30% of all journeys, even Source: Deloitte City Mobility Index in the long, cold winter. However, the steady increase of private The backdrop vehicles has led to Helsinki’s relatively high NOx emissions. The local government has a The capital and largest urban agglomeration goal to improve air quality by substantially in Finland, Helsinki is a compact city of reducing private car use in the city centre by 650,000 inhabitants in the core, and about 1.4 2050 through a combination of shared million in the wider metropolitan area. Since mobility, on-demand transport, and pedestrian- the 1960s, the population has doubled, friendly urban development. particularly in the outskirts. Research by Automotive World 2 Special report: The future of mobility in Helsinki The city is laid out in a hub-and-spoke model Even cycling takes a respectable 8% share – with a designated main centre, and a series of somewhat of a surprise in a place with such radial main roads and rail lines emanating out. frosty winters. Although cycling has been a Ring roads and rail routes connect the spokes. cause celebre in many major cities for a As the suburbs have grown, so have network number of years now, Helsinki has had a hubs in Espoon Keskus, Leppävaara, Pasila, strong culture going back decades – Tikkurila and Lentoasema (Airport). documents from the 1930s show there were more than 10,000 cyclists a day on its main Since the 1960s, the share of public transport has routes. It launched a public bike share in 2016 decreased, to just over 30% today, from over 65% and aims to reach a 15% modal share by 2020, in 1966. This has been caused by the increase in through the provision of more bike lanes and private car use, especially for shopping, social routes in the city. and recreational reasons. Like many places, car use increases the further out you go. Innovation is key Yet despite this, congestion remains manageable in Helsinki. Car density in the city, But what really sets Helsinki apart from other at 390 cars per 1000 people, is lower than cities cities is how innovative it is.