Technical Publication #84-1 DRE -188 PART 1-TEXT HYDROGEOLOGY OF THE KISSIMMEE PLANNING AREA, SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT by Jonathan E. Shaw & Sharon M.Trost TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES............................................................ iv LIST OF TABLES............................................................. viii SUMMARY.................................................................... x ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................ .............. xiv INTRODUCTION....... ............................................................ 1 Purpose and Scope......................................................... 1 Location and Extent of Study Area............ ............................ 1 Previous Investigations................................................... 3 Physiography.............................................................. 4 Climate and Rainfall...................................................... 7 Drainage and Surface Water Flow.......................................... 8 DATA COLLECTION NETWORK AND METHODS............................................ 10 Well Numbering System..................................................... 10 Monitoring Network........................................................ 10 Water Level Network and Methods........................................... 30 Water Quality Network and Methods........................................ 30 Geophysical Data Network and Methods..................................... 34 Geologic Data Network and Methods........................................ 41 Aquifer Test Network and Methods......................................... 43 GEOLOGY........................................................................ 47 Introduction.............................................................. 47 Eocene Series............................................................. 49 Oldsmar Limestone.................................................... 49 Lake City Limestone.................................................. 50 Avon Park Limestone.................................................. 52 Ocala Group.......................................................... 54 Oligocene Series.......................................................... 55 Suwannee Limestone................................................... 55 Miocene Series............................................................ 55 Hawthorn Formation................................................... 55 Plio-Pleistocene Series................................................... 56 Undifferentiated Sand, Clay and Shell............................... 56 Geologic Cross Sections................................................... 57 HYDROSTRATIGRAPHY.............................................................. 68 Introduction.............................................................. 68 Identification of Hydrostratigraphic Units............................... 69 Surficial Aquifer System...... ........................................... 75 Hawthorn Confining Beds................................................... 76 Floridan Aquifer System................................................... 77 Borehole Geophysical Applications......................................... 79 i TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page GROUNDWATER LEVELS........................................................ 89 Introduction.......................................................... 89 Configuration of the Potentiometric Surface of the Floridan Aquifer System...................................................... 89 Water Level Fluctuations............................................. 99 Short Term Water Level Fluctuations.............................. 99 Long Term Water Level Fluctuations.............................. 108 Recharge to the Floridan Aquifer System.............................. 120 Discharge from the Floridan Aquifer System........................... 125 WATER QUALITY.............................................................. 132 Introduction......................................................... 132 Water Quality Parameters............................................. 136 Physical Parameters............................................. 137 Conductivity............................................... 137 pH.......................................................... 138 Saturation Index........................................... 139 Temperature................................................ 139 Major Anions and Cations and Other Chemical Parameters......... 140 Sodium (Na)................................................ 140 Potassium (K).............................................. 141 Calcium (Ca)............................................... 141 Magnesium (Mg)............................................. 142 Chloride (Cl).............................................. 143 Sulfate (SO4 ).............................................. 143 Iron (Fe).................................................. 144 Strontium (Sr)............................................. 144 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)............................... 144 Hardness................................................... 145 Alkalinity................................................. 145 Water Quality of Wellhead Samples from the Floridan Aquifer System...................................................... 146 Contour Mapping................................................. 152 Stiff Patterns.................................................. 155 Piper Trilinear Diagrams........................................ 163 Factor Analysis................................................. 171 Water Quality with Depth............................................. 177 AQUIFER PARAMETERS AND WELL YIELDS........................................ 184 Introduction......................................................... 184 Distribution of Aquifer Parameters................................... 190 Transmissivity.................................................. 198 Storage Coefficients and Leakage................................ 202 Well Productivity......... ........................................... 204 i i TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page GROUNDWATER DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL......................................... 215 Introduction....... ............. .................................... 215 Use of Water from the Surficial Aquifer System and the Floridan Aquifer System............................................. 215 Suitable Areas for Water Supply Development.......................... 217 CONCLUSIONS................................................................ 223 WATER MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS.......................................... 228 REFERENCES................................................................. 230 iii LIST OF FIGURES Location of Study Area.......................... 2 a) Major Physiographic Divisions of Florida, and b) Major Geomorphic Features of the KPA........ 5 Location of Data Collection Sites............... 29 Wells with Available Water Level Data.......... 31 Wells with Available Water Quality Data........ 35 Wells with Available Geophysical Data.......... 42 Wells with Available Geologic Data............. 44 Availability of Aquifer Parameter Data......... 46 Geology of Well 0KF-42.................... ...... 48 Location of Geologic Cross Sections............ 58 Geologic Cross Section, A - A 1 ........... 59 Geologic Cross Section, A 1- AA........... 60 Geologic Cross Section, AA - AA 1 ................ 61 Geologic Cross Section, B - B'.................. 62 Geologic Cross Section, B 1 - BB................. 63 Geologic Cross Section, C - C ........... 65 Geologic Cross Section, D - DD........... 66 Permeability and Porosity of Various Rock Types. 70 Hydrostratigraphy of Well OKF-42................ 71 Location of Hydrostrati graphic Cross Sections... 72 Distribution of Hydrostrati graphic Units and Producing Zones, A - A'......................... 73 Distribution of Hydrostrati graphic Units and Producing Zones, B - B'......................... 74 Caliper Log, Flowmeter Log, and Corrected Flow Log for Well OKF-29, with Producing Zones Shown. 80 i v LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Page Multiple Survey Plot for Well OKF-54 with Producing Zones and Cavity Shown.................................. 83 Top of the Floridan Aquifer System...................... 86 Three-Dimensional Representation of the Surface of the Floridan Aquifer System................................. 87 Potentiometric Surface of the Floridan Aquifer System, May 1980................................................. 92 Potentiometric Surface of the Floridan Aquifer System, September 1980........................................... 94 Potentiometric Surface of the Floridan Aquifer System, May 1981................................................. 95 Potentiometric Surface of the Floridan Aquifer System, September 1981........................... ............... 97 Potentiometric Surface of the Floridan Aquifer System, May 1982................................................. 98 Potentiometric Surface of the Floridan Aquifer System, September 1982........................................... 100 Three-Dimensional Representation of the Potentiometric Surface of the Floridan Aquifer System, May 1981....... 101 Data Collection Sites for Well Hydrographs and Rainfall Records.................................................. 102 Hydrograph of Well ORF-18, Floridan Aquifer System, and Daily Rainfall at Station MRF-6024, Orange County...... 103 Hydrograph