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University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8426497 W allace, Rex Ervin THE SABELLIAN LANGUAGES The Ohio State University Ph.D. 1984 University Microfilms International300 N. Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Copyright 1984 by Wallace, Rex Ervin All Rights Reserved PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check markV . 1. Glossy photographs or p ages______ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print______ 3. Photographs with dark background______ 4. Illustrations are poor copy_______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original _______copy 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sid es of ______page 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several p ages 8. Print exceeds margin requirements______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine_______ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print______ 11. P age(s)____________lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. P age(s)____________seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered____________. Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled p ages______ 15. Other__________________________________________________________________________ University Microfilms International THE SABELLIAN LANGUAGES DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Rex E. Wallace/ B.S./ M.A. * * ★ ★ The Ohio State University 1984 Reading Committee: Approved by Michael L. Geis Brian D. Joseph U s e Lehiste Arnold M. Zwicky Adviser Department of Linguistics Copyright by Rex B. Wallace 1984 to the memory of my grandmother/ Gladys Wallace ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . in the end we and our things are mortal. Consider that we no longer have any knowledge of the Oscan tongue. - Castiglione, Book of the Courtier 1/ 36 I wish to express my sincerest appreciation to my academic adviser, Brian Joseph. Every aspect of this dissertation has bene­ fited from his perceptive criticism. I am deeply grateful to the remaining members of my reading committee, particularly U s e Lehiste and Arnold Zwicky, and to my outside reader, Charles Babcock, for offering many valuable sugges­ tions. I would also like to thank Andy Neubauer, Yaner Dishong, John Nerbonne, Stewart 'drop shot' Curtis, Mary Clark, Bill Regier, Marlene Payha, and ny parents. They have supported this work through their patience, kindiness, and understanding. and yes Maureen you are a flower of the mountain yes - iii - VITA September 13, 1952 .............. B o m - Wilmington, North Carolina 1970 ............................ Unicameral Scholarship, University of Nebraska, Lincoln,Nebraska 1972 ............................ Regent’s Scholarship, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 1974 ............................B.S. in Latin, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 1976 ............................M.A. in Classics, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 1976 ............................University Fellowship in Classics, The Ohio State University, Colum­ bus, Ohio 1 9 8 1 ............................M.A. in Linguistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio PUBLICATIONS 1982. A Note on the Phonostylistics of Latin: (s) in Plautus. Glotta 60, pp. 120-124. 1983. A Note on the Development of *e and *ej. in Anatolian. Zeit- schrift fur vegleichende Sprachforschung 96, pp. 50-55. 1983. The Deletion of £ in Latin: Its Consequences for Romance. Papers from the XII Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages, edited by Philip Baldi, pp. 265-277. 1983. An Illusory Substratum Influence in Pamphylian. Glotta 61, pp. 5-12. 1983. The Development of PIE *e in Palaic. Die Sprache 29.2, pp. 159-173. (Also in OSU WorTcing Papers in Linguistics 27 (1983), pp. 1-15.) - iv - 1984. (with Brian Joseph) Lexical Relatedness/ Head of a Word/ and the Misanalysis of Latin. OSU Working Papers in Linguistics 29/ pp. 30-49. 1984. (with Brian Joseph) Latin Morphology: Another Look. To appear in Linguistic Inquiry 15.2/ pp. 319-328. 1984. The Deletion of £ in Plautus. To appear in the American Journal of Philology. 1984. More on Assimilation in English. To appear in American Speech. 1984. Volscian eepu/Oscan sipus. To appear in Indoqermanische Forschungen. 1984. The Etymology of Umbrian and Paelignian bio. To appear in Classical Philology. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Linguistics Studies in Indo-European: Professors Robert J. Jeffers and Brian D. Joseph Studies in Historical Linguistics: Professors Brian D. Joseph and U s e Lehiste Studies in Italic dialects: Professor Brian Joseph - v - TABLE OP CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................... iii VITA ................................................. iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS............................... viii LIST OF TABLES....................................... X LIST OF F I G U R E S ..................................... xi Chapter 1. Introduction to the Sabellian Languages . 1 0. Introduction.................................. 1 1. The etymology of sa bell us ................... 1 2. Sabellus in antiquity........................ 4 3. Sabellus in the 19th and 20th centuries .... 5 4. The ue;r sacrum......................... 9 5. The geographical position of the Sabellian languages 11 6. Problems and a i m s ........................... 17 7. Format ................................. 20 Footnotes-— Chapter 1 ........................ 23 Figure 1.. .................................... 26 Chapter 2. History of the Research ................. 27 0. Introduction................................ 27 1. The 19th c e n t u r y ....... ............... 27 2. The 20th c e n t u r y ....................... 30 3. The state of Sabellian s t u d i e s ............. 33 Footnotes— Chapter 2 ........................ 34 Chapter 3. Textual and LinguisticAnalysis ............ 35 0. Introduction................................ 35 1. The Volscian D i a l e c t .................... 35 2. The Hemican Dialect .................... 60 3. The Marsian Dialect ...................... 61 4. The Aequian Dialect .................. 69 5. The Sabine D i a l e c t ...................... 70 6. The Vestinian Dialect.................... 74 7. The Paelignian D i a l e c t .................. 76 8. The Marrucinian Dialect.................. 100 Footnotes— Chapter 3 ........................ 109 Chapter 4. Subgrouping the Sabellian languages .... 119 0. Introduction................................ 119 1. Characteristics shared with Oscan-Umbrian . 120 2. Previous views of subgrouping with Oscan-Umbrian 123 3. Possible Areal Features ' . 125 4. The position of the Sabellian languages .... 135 5. Concluding observations ..... ............ 144 Footnotes— Chapter 4 146 T a b l e s ................. 148 Figures...................................... 149 Chapter 5. Conclusion...................... 158 Appendix. Old Sabellian................ 161 0. Introduction.............. 161 1. Commentary .................. 164 2. The Oscan-Umbrian characteristics of Old Sabellian 180 3. The position of Old Sabellian .............. 180 Footnotes— Appendix.......................... 184 Bibliography ......................................... 187 - vii - LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS For abbreviations of the names of ancient authors and works I have followed the system used in LSJ and PCD. The abbreviations of titles of periodicals may be found in L 'Annee philologique and Biblioqraphie linguistique. Ancient Authors and Works; Cato De