Diversité De Vanilla Planifolia G. Jackson Dans L'océan

Diversité De Vanilla Planifolia G. Jackson Dans L'océan

Diversité de Vanilla planifolia G. Jackson dans l’Océan Indien et de ses espèces apparentées : aspects génétiques, cytogénétiques et épigénétiques Séverine Bory To cite this version: Séverine Bory. Diversité de Vanilla planifolia G. Jackson dans l’Océan Indien et de ses espèces ap- parentées : aspects génétiques, cytogénétiques et épigénétiques. Biologie végétale. Université de la Réunion, 2007. Français. tel-00258207 HAL Id: tel-00258207 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00258207 Submitted on 21 Feb 2008 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. A mon frère Benjamin… TABLE DES MATIÈRES Table des matières LISTE DES ABRÉVIATIONS.......................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION GÉNÉRALE........................................................................................ 3 I. LA VANILLE : DONNEES AGRONOMIQUES .......................................................................... 3 II. LA VANILLE : DONNEES ECONOMIQUES ........................................................................... 5 III. LA VANILLE : INTERET DES RESSOURCES GENETIQUES............................................................ 7 IV. PROBLEMATIQUE ET OBJECTIFS DE LA THESE .................................................................... 8 CHAPITRE 1 : INTRODUCTION BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE .......................................................... 10 I. PREAMBULE ..................................................................................................... 10 Article N°1 : Biodiversity and preservation of vanilla: present state of knowledge ..... 11 Abstract ................................................................................................................ 12 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 12 Vanilla taxonomy and phylogeny .................................................................................. 13 Vanilla within the Orchidaceae................................................................................. 13 Distribution ................................................................................................................... 13 Taxonomy and phylogeny ................................................................................................... 13 The Vanilla genus ................................................................................................. 14 The genus organization...................................................................................................... 14 Phylogenetic relationships among Vanilla species ...................................................................... 19 The origin of V. tahitensis .................................................................................................. 20 Reproductive biology ................................................................................................ 21 The reproduction of American vanilla in natural conditions .............................................. 21 Inter-specific hybridization ..................................................................................... 22 V. planifolia in its area of origin................................................................................... 22 The history of V. planifolia in Mexico ......................................................................... 22 Vanilla diversity in Mexico ...................................................................................... 23 V. planifolia in introduction areas................................................................................. 24 V. planifolia dissemination from its area of origin ......................................................... 24 V. planifolia diversity in introduction areas ................................................................. 24 Phenotypic diversity in Reunion Island........................................................................ 24 Possible origins of this phenotypic diversity................................................................. 26 Preservation of vanilla genetic resources ........................................................................ 28 Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 29 References............................................................................................................. 30 II. CONCLUSIONS DE L’INTRODUCTION BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE ......................................................... 33 CHAPITRE 2 : ANALYSE GÉNÉTIQUE........................................................................... 35 I. PREAMBULE ..................................................................................................... 35 I Table des matières Article N°2 : Patterns of introduction and diversification of Vanilla planifolia (Orchidaceae) in Reunion Island (Indian Ocean) .................................................... 37 A2.1. Abstract......................................................................................................... 39 A2.2. Introduction.................................................................................................... 39 A2.3. Materials and methods ....................................................................................... 43 A2.3.1. Plant material and DNA extraction .................................................................. 43 A2.3.2. AFLP assay................................................................................................ 44 A2.3.3. Data analysis............................................................................................. 45 A2.3.4. Reproducibility.......................................................................................... 46 A2.4. Results .......................................................................................................... 46 A2.4.1. Interspecific AFLP diversity ........................................................................... 46 A2.4.2. Intraspecific AFLP diversity ........................................................................... 47 A2.5. Discussion ...................................................................................................... 49 A2.5.1. Patterns of introduction of V. planifolia in Reunion Island...................................... 49 A2.5.2. V. pompona: another case of a limited introduction event in Reunion Island................ 50 A2.5.3. Patterns of diversification of V. planifolia in Reunion Island ................................... 51 A2.5.4. Perspectives for vanilla breeding .................................................................... 54 A2.5.5. Conclusions .............................................................................................. 54 Acknowledgements................................................................................................... 56 Article N°3 : Development of microsatellite markers in cultivated vanilla: polymorphism and transferability to other Vanilla species......................................................... 57 Abstract ................................................................................................................ 58 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 58 2. Materials and methods ........................................................................................... 59 3. Results .............................................................................................................. 61 4. Discussion........................................................................................................... 61 Acknowledgements................................................................................................... 62 References............................................................................................................. 62 II. APPORT COMPLEMENTAIRE DES MICROSATELLITES POUR L’ANALYSE GENETIQUE ............................... 64 II.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 64 II.2. Matériel et méthodes .......................................................................................... 65 II.2.1. Matériel végétal .......................................................................................... 65 II.2.2. Analyse microsatellite................................................................................... 66 II.3. Résultats ......................................................................................................... 67 II.3.1. Précisions des résultats de l’analyse AFLP : identification des échantillons inconnus (SP).. 67 II.3.2. Intérêt du marqueur mVplCIR031 pour la phylogéographie ....................................... 69 II.4. Discussion .......................................................................................................

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