FiBL & IFOAM – ORGANICS INTERNATIONAL the World of organic agriculture STATISTICS & EMERGING TRENDS 2019 OCEANIA 35.9 MILLION HA EUROPE 14.6 MILLION HA LATIN AMERICA 8.0 MILLION HA ASIA 6.1 MILLION HA NORTH AMERICA 3.2 MILLION HA AFRICA 2.1 MILLION HA Supported by GLOBAL POLICY TOOLKIT ON PUBLIC SUPPORT TO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AVAILABLE AT: WWW.IFOAM.BIO/POLICY-TOOLKITS shop.fibl.org Merkblatt Technical guide 2018 | No. 1096 2017 | Ausgabe Schweiz Technical 1718 guide 2018 | FiBL No. Artgerechte Kälbermast und AufzuchtFunctional agrobiodiversity von Mastremonten Perennial flower strips – a tool for Alternativen zur herkömmlichen Mast vonimproving pest control in fruit orchards Dock Control Kälbern aus Milchwirtschaftsbetrieben Combining the best methods for successful control IMPROVING HEALTH AND WELFARE OF PIGS A handbook for organic pig farmers Looking for professional information? FiBL’s online shop has more than 400 publications! It is an invaluable source of information on organic farming, sustainable agriculture, animal husbandry and nature conservation. Publications are available in English, German, French and several other languages. Most publications are free to download! Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL IFOAM – Organics International The World of Organic Agriculture Statistics and Emerging Trends 2019 Edited by Helga Willer and Julia Lernoud For PDF version, corrigenda and supplementary material see http://www.organic-world.net/yearbook/yearbook-2019.html All of the statements and results contained in this book have been compiled by the authors and are to the best of their knowledge correct and have been checked by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) and IFOAM – Organics International. However, the possibility of mistakes cannot be ruled out entirely. Therefore, the editors, authors, and publishers are not subject to any obligation and make no guarantees whatsoever regarding any of the statements or results in this work; neither do they accept responsibility or liability for any possible mistakes, nor for any consequences of actions taken by readers based on statements or advice contained therein. Authors are responsible for the content of their articles. Their opinions do not necessarily express the views of FiBL or IFOAM – Organics International. This document has been produced with the support of the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), the International Trade Centre (ITC), the Sustainability Fund of Coop Switzerland (Coop Fonds für Nachhaltigkeit), and NürnbergMesse. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinions of SECO, ITC, Coop Switzerland, or NürnbergMesse. Should corrections and updates become necessary, they will be published at www.organic-world.net. This book is available for download at http://www.organic-world.net/yearbook/yearbook-2019.html. Any inquiries regarding this book and its contents should be sent to Julia Lernoud and Helga Willer, FiBL, Ackerstrasse 113, 5070 Frick, Switzerland, e-mail [email protected] and [email protected]. Please quote articles from this book individually with name(s) of author(s) and title of article. The same applies to the tables: Please quote source, title of table and then the overall report. The whole report should be cited as: Willer, Helga and Julia Lernoud (Eds.) (2019): The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2019. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, and IFOAM – Organics International, Bonn. Die Deutsche Bibliothek – CIP Cataloguing-in-Publication-Data A catalogue record for this publication is available from Die Deutsche Bibliothek © February 2019. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) and IFOAM – Organics International. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse113, 5070 Frick, Switzerland, Tel. +41 62 865 72 72, Fax +41 62 865 72 73, e-mail [email protected], Internet www.fibl.org IFOAM – Organics International, Charles-de-Gaulle-Str. 5, 53113 Bonn, Germany, Tel. +49 228 926 50-10, Fax +49 228 926 50-99, e-mail [email protected], Internet www.ifoam.bio, Trial Court Bonn, Association Register no. 8726 Language editing: Laura Kemper, FiBL, Frick, Switzerland Cover: Simone Bissig, FiBL, Frick, Switzerland Layout: Julia Lernoud and Helga Willer, FiBL, Frick, Switzerland Maps: Julia Lernoud, FiBL, Frick, Switzerland Graphs (if not otherwise stated): Julia Lernoud and Helga Willer, FiBL, Frick, Switzerland Infographics: Kurt Riedi and Julia Lernoud, FiBL, Frick, Switzerland Cover picture: Vegetable field at the Kiltsimäe farm, Estonia. Photo: Elen Peetsmann, Research Centre of Organic Farming, Estonian University of Life Sciences. The picture was originally published in the booklet “Organic Farming in Estonia 2017”, available at http://www.maheklubi.ee/mison/eestis/ Printed by Medienhaus Plump, Rolandsecker Weg 33, 53619 Rheinbreitbach, Germany Price: 30 Euros, IFOAM – Organics International affiliates: 20 Euros Printed copies of this volume may be ordered directly from IFOAM – Organics International and FiBL (see addresses above) or via the FiBL shop at shop.fibl.org ISBN Printed version 978-3-03736-118-4 ISBN PDF version 978-3-03736-119-1 Table of Contents Table of Contents Glossary 14 Foreword from SECO and ITC 15 Foreword from FiBL and IFOAM – Organics International 16 Foreword from the Editors 17 Milestones of “The World of Organic Agriculture” 19 Acknowledgements 20 Organic Agriculture: Key Indicators and Top Countries 24 The World of Organic Agriculture 2019: Summary 25 Helga Willer, Julia Lernoud, and Laura Kemper ORGANIC AGRICULTURE WORLDWIDE: CURRENT STATISTICS 35 Current Statistics on Organic Agriculture Worldwide: Area, Operators, and Market 36 Julia Lernoud and Helga Willer General notes on the data 38 Organic land 40 › Organic agricultural land 40 › Organic share of total agricultural land 44 › Growth of the organic agricultural land 48 › Further organic areas 55 Organic producers and other operator types 62 Retail sales and international trade data 69 Organic farming in developing countries and emerging markets 74 Land use and key commodities in organic agriculture 76 › Land use 76 › Arable land 80 › Permanent crops 82 › Wild collection and beekeeping areas 84 › Beehives 88 › Aquaculture 91 › Statistics on selected crops 94 › › Cereals 95 › › Citrus fruit 99 › › Cocoa beans 102 › › Coffee 104 › › Dry pulses 106 › › Fruit: Temperate fruit 109 › › Fruit: Tropical and subtropical fruit 113 › › Grapes 117 › › Oilseeds 119 › › Olives 123 › › Vegetables 125 FiBL & IFOAM – Organics International (2019): The World of Organic Agriculture. Frick and Bonn 3 Table of Contents COMMODITY CASE STUDIES 129 The State of Sustainable Markets: Statistics and Emerging Trends 130 Julia Lernoud, Jason Potts, Gregory Sampson, Bernhard Schlatter, Gabriel Huppe, Vivek Voora, Helga Willer, and Joseph Wozniak Organic Cotton 138 Liesl Truscott, Evonne Tan, Lisa Emberson, and Amish Gosai › Global trends 138 › Outlook 138 › Geography of production 139 › Organic and textile standards 142 Milestones of the Organic Cotton Sector 144 GLOBAL MARKET 145 The Global Market for Organic Food & Drink 146 Amarjit Sahota › 1 Introduction 146 › 2 North America 146 › 3 Europe 147 › 4 Other regions 147 › 5 Challenges & outlook 148 Milestones of the Global Organic Market 150 STANDARDS, LEGISLATION, POLICIES 151 Public Standards and Legislation 152 Beate Huber, Otto Schmid, Verena Batlogg, and Flávia Moura e Castro › Organic legislation worldwide: current situation 152 › The Codex Alimentarius Guidelines: Recent developments 156 › Import requirements of major economies 157 Milestones of Public Standards and Legislation 160 Participatory Guarantee Systems in 2018 161 Joelle Katto-Andrighetto, Cornelia Kirchner, Flávia Moura e Castro, and Federica Varini Milestones of the Work of IFOAM – Organics International to Promote and Support PGS 166 Policies supporting the organic sector 167 Federica Varini and Joelle Katto-Andrighetto › From private sector to the political arena: the rise of organic regulations 167 › Public money for public good 167 › Europe 167 › Asia 168 › North America 168 › Latin America and the Caribbean 169 › Africa 170 › Oceania 170 › Municipalities in support of organic farming 170 4 FiBL & IFOAM – Organics International (2019): The World of Organic Agriculture. Frick and Bonn Table of Contents Milestones of Policies Supporting the Organic Sector 172 AFRICA 173 Latest Developments in Organic Agriculture in Africa 174 Jordan Gama and Mwanzo Lawrence Millinga › The African Organic Network (AfrONet) 174 › The Fourth African Organic Conference in 2018 in Senegal 176 › Outlook 177 Milestones of Organic Agriculture in Africa 178 Africa: Current Statistics 179 Julia Lernoud, Helga Willer and Bernhard Schlatter Organic Agriculture in Africa: Graphs 181 Organic Agriculture in Africa: Tables 184 ASIA 187 Developments in the Organic Sector in Asia in 2018 188 Compiled by IFOAM Asia › Bangladesh 188 › Cambodia 189 › China 190 › India 191 › Indonesia 192 › Japan 192 › Korea 193 › Myanmar 193 › Philippines 194 › Thailand 195 › Vietnam 196 › IFOAM Asia in 2018 197 Milestones of Organic Agriculture in Asia 198 Asia: Current statistics 199 Julia Lernoud, Helga Willer, and Bernhard Schlatter Organic Agriculture in Asia: Graphs 201 Organic Agriculture in Asia: Tables 203 EUROPE 207 Organic in Europe: Recent Developments 208 Helga Willer, Bram Moeskops, Emanuele Busacca, Nicolas de la Vega › New EU organic rules adopted 209